is a means of conveying to them the religion of Allah. In that case, learning it is obligatory, because whatever is indispensable to fulfilling an obligation is itself obligatory.
His statement, “attestation of integrity,” means ascribing a person to probity. Thus, attestation of integrity means declaring a person to be upright; one says, “This man is upright,” and probity means integrity.
According to the author, it requires two upright persons. According to the madhhab, it follows the number required for testimony: if the testimony concerns a matter in which four witnesses are required, then four are likewise required for attestation of integrity. According to the third view—which Shaykh al-Islam chose—one person suffices, because attestation of integrity merely provides information about the condition of the person whose integrity is being attested; it is not testimony. Thus, once a person’s integrity has been attested by one individual, that is sufficient, and his testimony may then be accepted.
An attestation of integrity is, for example, to say, “So-and-so is upright,” “So-and-so is trustworthy,” or the like. But if one says, “I know nothing of him except good,” the scholars hold two views as to whether this constitutes an attestation of integrity. Some say that it does not, because it merely negates knowledge of wrongdoing, and the absence of knowledge does not prove nonexistence. He may be doing evil deeds of which the person who says, “We know nothing of him except good,” is unaware.
Some scholars say that it does constitute an attestation of integrity, based on the apparent state of affairs. Perhaps this disagreement points to the earlier disagreement over whether the basic presumption regarding a Muslim is integrity, or whether the presumption is the absence of integrity.
However, if he says, “He is trustworthy,” “His testimony is acceptable,” “He is upright,” “He is reliable,” or the like, then this is unquestionably an attestation of integrity.
The person attesting to another’s integrity is subject to conditions, among them: