Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The answer is: No. Rather, it remains a liability upon you until you discharge it, even after some time has passed. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, referred to acts of worship as “a debt” (1). Since he called them “a debt,” they must be made up, even if they were abandoned without an excuse.

The evidence of those who say that making it up is not obligatory when it was missed without an excuse is as follows:

First: This time-bound prayer has a defined beginning and end, and what is delimited is defined by its time. Allah says: “Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers at specified times.” [al-Nisa 4:103] That is, it is to be performed within this time. If someone delays it beyond that time without an excuse, he has performed it in a manner other than that in which it was prescribed. He has therefore deliberately omitted one of its obligatory requirements, so it is not valid—just as it is not valid if one deliberately prays without ablution and without an excuse.....

Second: If he delays it beyond its time without an excuse, he has performed it in a manner that he was not commanded to perform. It is authentically reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever does an act that is not in accordance with our command, it is rejected.” (2) This is an explicit, general text: “Whoever does an act”—that is, any act whatsoever, since it is an indefinite noun occurring in a conditional clause and therefore conveys generality—“it is rejected,” meaning that it is refused.

Third: If someone deliberately performs it before its time, then his prayer is not sufficient for him by scholarly consensus (3). So what difference is there between performing it before its time and performing it after its time? In either case, he has transgressed the limits set by Allah, Exalted is He, and taken the act of worship outside its appointed time: “And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah—then it is those who are the wrongdoers.” [al-Baqarah 2:229]

(1) Its sourcing was given earlier on p. 136. (2) Its sourcing was given earlier, 1:186. (3) See al-Mughni, 2:45.
الجواب: لا، بل يبقى في ذمَّتك حتى توفّيه، ولو بعد حين، وقد سمَّى النبيُّ ﷺ العبادات «دَيْناً» (١)، فإذا كان سمَّاها «دَيْناً» فإنه يجب قضاؤها، ولو تركها لغير عُذر. أما دليل الذين قالوا بعدم الوجوب إذا كان لغير عُذر فهو ما يلي: أولاً: أن هذه الصَّلاة المؤقَّتة محدودة أولاً وآخراً، والمحدود موصوف بهذا الوقت، كما قال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا﴾ [النساء: ١٠٣]، أي: صلاتها في هذا الوقت، فإذا أخَّرها عنه بلا عُذر فقد صلاَّها على غير الوصف الذي فُرضت عليه، فترك واجباً من واجباتها عمداً فلا تصحُّ، كما لو صَلَّى بغير وُضُوء عمداً بلا عُذر فإنَّها لا تصحُّ ..... ثانياً: إذا أخَّرها عن وقتها لغير عُذر فقد فعلها على وجهٍ لم يُؤمر به، وقد ثبت عن النبيِّ ﷺ أنه قال: «من عَمِل عملاً ليس عليه أمرُنا فهو رَدٌّ» (٢). وهذا نصٌّ صريحٌ عامٌ، «من عَمِل عملاً»، عملاً: أيَّ عمل يكون؛ لأنه نكرة في سياق الشَّرط فكان للعموم؛ «فهو ردٌّ»، أي: مردود. ثالثاً: أنه لو صلَّى قبل الوقت متعمِّداً فصلاته لا تجزئه بالاتفاق (٣)، فأيُّ فرق بين ما إذا فعلها قبل الوقت أو فعلها بعده؟ فإن كُلَّ واحد منهما قد تعدَّى حُدودَ الله ﷿، وأخرج العبادة عن وقتها: ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٢٩].
(١) تقدم تخريجه ص (١٣٦). (٢) تقدم تخريجه (١/ ١٨٦). (٣) انظر: «المغني» (٢/ ٤٥).

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