Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (15/223)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

a third of all his wealth; then it is sufficient for him to give a third.” The author makes an exception to his statement, “He must fulfill it”: if he vows to give all his wealth in charity, then giving a third is sufficient. For example, he may say, “If Allah cures my sick person, then I vow to Allah that I will give all my wealth in charity.” This is a conditional vow of righteous devotion. Or he may say, “I vow to Allah that I will give all my wealth in charity.” This is an unconditional vow of righteous devotion. In either case, giving a third is sufficient.

The scholars of the madhhab, may Allah have mercy on them, cited as evidence for this the hadith of Ka‘b ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, and the hadith of Abu Lubabah ibn ‘Abd al-Mundhir, may Allah be pleased with him.

As for Ka‘b ibn Malik, he stayed behind from the expedition to Tabuk without an excuse. When the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, returned from Tabuk, the hypocrites came to offer their excuses to him. He accepted their excuses, sought forgiveness for them, and entrusted what was hidden within them to Allah. They rejoiced at this, for they were people of outward appearances, and so they rejoiced in the outward matter. They would say, “The Prophet’s seeking forgiveness for us is enough.” Yet they did not realize that Allah had said:

“Whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them—if you should ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them.” [al-Tawbah 9:80]

We seek refuge in Allah.

But Ka‘b ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, together with Hilal ibn Umayyah and Murarah ibn al-Rabi‘, may Allah be pleased with them, spoke truthfully. They said, “We have no excuse.” Ka‘b ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, spoke before the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, with remarkably eloquent words, for he was the youngest and strongest of the group. He said, “I have been given the ability to argue”—meaning, I am able to dispute and know how to extricate myself—but I cannot present you today with an excuse by which you would excuse me, only for Allah, Most High, to expose me tomorrow. Allah is the Greatest! Consider the faith and certainty.

Regarding the hypocrites, Allah said: “They will swear by Allah to you when you return to them, so that you may turn away from them. So turn away...”

ثلث الكل، فإنه يجزئه قدر الثلث» استثنى المؤلف من قوله: «لزمه الوفاء به» إذا نذر الصدقة بماله كله فإنه يجزئه قدر الثلث، مثل أن يقول: إن شفى الله مريضي فللَّه عليّ نذر أن أتصدق بجميع مالي، وهذا نذر تبرر معلق، أو يقول: لله عليّ نذر أن أتصدق بجميع مالي، وهذا نذر تبرر مطلق، فيجزئه قدر الثلث، واستدل الأصحاب ﵏ لهذا بحديث كعب بن مالك ﵁، وحديث أبي لبابة بن عبد المنذر ﵁. أما كعب بن مالك فتخلف عن غزوة تبوك بدون عذر، ولما رجع النبي ﷺ من تبوك جاء المنافقون يعتذرون إلى النبي ﷺ، فكان يعذرهم ويستغفر لهم ويكل سرائرهم إلى الله، ويفرحون بهذا؛ لأنهم أهل ظاهر، فيفرحون بالظاهر، ويقولون: يكفينا استغفار النبي ﷺ لنا، وما علموا أن الله قال: ﴿اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٨٠]ـ والعياذ بالله ـ أما كعب بن مالك، ﵁ وهلال بن أمية ومرارة بن الربيع ﵃ فصدقوا، وقالوا: ما لنا عذر، وكعب بن مالك ﵁ تكلم بين يدي النبي ﷺ بكلام فصيح عجيب؛ لأنه أشب القوم وأجلدهم، وقال: إني أوتيت جدلاً، يعني أقدر أن أخاصم، وأعرف أن أتخلص، ولكن لا يمكن أن أتقدم إليك بعذر اليوم فتعذرني، ثم يفضحني الله ـ تعالى ـ غداً ـ الله أكبر ـ انظر الإيمان واليقين، المنافقون قال الله فيهم: ﴿سَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ فَأَعْرِضُوا