We say: as mentioned earlier, the matter depends on what is sworn concerning. If it is something good, then doing it is preferable—and here it will generally be something good, since he has made a vow. Nevertheless, so as not to bind him to it, we say: you may choose between doing it and offering the expiation for an oath.
The third type: a vow concerning something permissible, such as wearing a garment or riding one’s mount. Its ruling is like that of the second type. If he vows to do something disliked, such as divorce or otherwise, it is recommended that he offer expiation and not do it, ...
The author’s statement, “The third type is a vow concerning something permissible, such as wearing a garment or riding one’s mount; its ruling is like that of the second type,” means that he may choose between doing it and offering the expiation for an oath. For example, a man says, “I owe Allah a vow that I will wear this garment.” We say to him: you have the choice: if you wish, wear the garment; and if you wish, offer the expiation for an oath.
Included in this type is what some people do when they say, “If I pass, I owe Allah a vow that I will slaughter a sheep.” Must he slaughter the sheep, or should we say that he may choose between slaughtering it and offering the expiation for an oath?
There is some detail to this. If by slaughtering the sheep he intends to give it in charity, in gratitude to Allah for the blessing, then this is an act of obedience, and he must fulfill it, as will come, if Allah Most High wills. But if he intends thereby to express joy and invite his brothers and friends, then he may choose between doing it and offering the expiation for an oath, because this falls under the category of what is permissible, not that of obedience. But if he says, “If I pass, I owe Allah a vow that I will fast for three days,” then this is an act of obedience, because fasting is a means of drawing near to Allah. As for slaughtering a sheep, eating its meat, and holding a feast for it, this belongs to the category of what is permissible.
His statement, “or riding one’s mount,” is likewise. If he says, “I owe Allah a vow that I will ride this camel,” or, “that I will ride this car,” we say: this is a vow concerning something permissible. If you wish, ride it; and if you wish, do not ride it, but you must offer the expiation for an oath.