Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

from three: the child until he reaches maturity, the insane person until he regains sanity, and the sleeping person until he awakens.” (1)

His statement, “even if he is a disbeliever”: the word “even if” indicates a point of scholarly disagreement, as explained previously. That is, even if the one making the vow is a disbeliever, his vow is binding. If he fulfils it while still in disbelief, his liability is discharged; but if he does not fulfil it, he must do so after accepting Islam. This is because Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, asked the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, saying, “I vowed, in the pre-Islamic era, to observe a night of i'tikaf in the Sacred Mosque.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, “Fulfil your vow.” (2) The command here denotes obligation, and making fulfilment of his vow obligatory upon him is contingent upon its validity; for had it not been valid, fulfilling it would not have been obligatory.

His statement, “even if he is a disbeliever,” indicates a point of disagreement; however, what the author, may Allah have mercy on him, holds is correct, due to the hadith of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him.

His statement, “The valid type consists of five categories”: what he means is that the binding forms of vows consist of five categories. As for that which is not binding, it is everything other than these five; or, if you wish, it is that whose conditions for becoming binding have not been met. For example, if someone says, “I owe Allah a vow to fast yesterday,” this is not binding, because

(1) Narrated by Abu Dawud, Kitab al-Hudud, chapter: “Concerning an insane person who steals or incurs a hadd punishment” (4398); al-Nasai, Kitab al-Talaq, chapter: “Those spouses whose divorce does not take effect” (6/156); and Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Talaq, chapter: “The divorce of the mentally incompetent, minor, and sleeping person” (2041). It was authenticated by Ibn Hibban (142) and al-Hakim (2/59), with al-Dhahabi concurring, on the authority of Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Itikaf, chapter: “Itikaf at Night” (2032); and Muslim, Kitab al-Ayman, chapter: “The Vow of a Disbeliever and What He Must Do Regarding It upon Accepting Islam” (1656), on the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both.
القلم عن ثلاثة: الصغير حتى يكبر، والمجنون حتى يفيق، والنائم حتى يستيقظ» (١). قوله: «ولو كافراً» «لو» هذه إشارة خلاف وقد سبق شرحها يعني ولو كان الناذر كافراً فإن نذره ينعقد، فإن وفى به في حال كفره برئت ذمته، وإن لم يفِ به لزمه أن يوفي به بعد إسلامه؛ لأن عمر بن الخطاب ﵁ سأل النبي ﷺ فقال: «إني نذرت أن أعتكف ليلة في المسجد الحرام في الجاهلية» فقال له النبي ﷺ: «أوفِ بنذرك» (٢)، والأمر هنا للوجوب، وإيجاب الوفاء عليه لنذره فرع عن صحته؛ لأنه لو كان غير صحيح ما وجب الوفاء به. وقوله: «ولو كافراً» إشارة خلاف، ولكن الصحيح ما ذهب إليه المؤلف ﵀ لحديث عمر ﵁. قوله: «والصحيح منه خمسة أقسام» مراده الذي ينعقد من النذر خمسة أقسام، وأما الذي لا ينعقد فهو ما عدا هذه الخمسة، وإن شئت فقل: هو ما لم تتم شروط انعقاده، فمثلاً لو قال قائل: لله علي نذر أن أصوم أمسِ، فهذا لا ينعقد؛ لأنه
(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الحدود/ باب في المجنون يسرق أو يصيب حداً (٤٣٩٨)، والنسائي في الطلاق/ باب من لا يقع طلاقه من الأزواج (٦/ ١٥٦)، وابن ماجه في الطلاق/ باب طلاق المعتوه والصغير والنائم (٢٠٤١)، وصححه ابن حبان (١٤٢)، والحاكم (٢/ ٥٩) ووافقه الذهبي عن عائشة ﵂. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الاعتكاف/ باب الاعتكاف ليلاً (٢٠٣٢)، ومسلم في الأيمان/ باب نذر الكافر وما يفعل فيه إذا أسلم (١٦٥٦) عن ابن عمر ﵄.

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