the sun has set, loses consciousness after enough time has elapsed for the opening takbir, then regains consciousness after midnight: he must make up the Maghrib prayer, because he caught enough of its time for the opening takbir. As for the Isha prayer, there is a difference of opinion as to whether he must make it up (1). Those who hold that an unconscious person must make up the prayers whose times passed while he was unconscious say that the Isha prayer is also required of him—not because he caught enough of Maghrib for the opening takbir, but because unconsciousness does not waive the obligation of prayer. Those who hold—and this is the correct view—that unconsciousness waives the obligation of prayer say that, in this case, he is required only to make up the Maghrib prayer, based on the view that a prayer is deemed to have been caught if there was enough time for the opening takbir (2).

Another example: a man upon whom the sun sets, then—may Allah protect us—he is afflicted with insanity, and then recovers after midnight. He must make up the Maghrib prayer, because he caught enough of its time for the opening takbir.

Some scholars said that he is not required to make up the prayer unless he caught enough of its time for one rak'ah (3), based on the statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “Whoever catches one rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer” (4). This person did not catch one rak'ah. These are two opinions.

Some scholars—and this was the view preferred by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah—said that neither the legally accountable person nor the menstruating woman is required to make it up unless there remains of the time