Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

Suppose he says, “By Allah, I will not speak to the wife of so-and-so, because I know that so-and-so is extremely jealous: if he hears me speaking to his wife, he will harm me; perhaps he will accuse me, or perhaps even kill me.” If the marital relationship then ceases, this intention no longer applies, and he has not broken his oath. The author did not mention the underlying reason, but we may also say: unless he intended it only so long as she remained in that state, or the reason was such as to require it only so long as she remained in that state—as in the final example I mentioned. We added, “or the reason was such,” because the reason takes precedence over specification.

In summary, the three levels mentioned by the author in this section are: intention, then the reason, then specification. Specification remains applicable to the specified individual even if his or her state changes, unless the person intended it only so long as that state remained, or the reason was confined to that state.

ولو قال: والله لا أكلم زوجة فلان هذه؛ لأني أعرف أن فلاناً ذو غيرةٍ شديدة، فلو يسمعني أكلم زوجته آذاني، وربما اتهمني، وربما قتلني، فإذا زالت الزوجية زالت هذه النية، ولم يحنث، ولم يذكر المؤلف السبب، لكن نقول أيضاً: ما لم ينوِ ما دام على تلك الصفة، أو يكن السبب يقتضي ما دام على تلك الصفة، كالمثال الذي ذكرته أخيراً، وإنما أضفنا: أو لم يكن السبب؛ لأن السبب مقدم على التعيين. فالخلاصة: أن المراتب التي ذكرها المؤلف في هذا الفصل ثلاث: النية، ثم السبب، ثم التعيين، فالتعيين يستمر مع هذا المعين، وإن تغيرت صفته، ما لم ينوِ ما دام على تلك الصفة، أو يكن السبب ما دام على تلك الصفة. * * *

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