Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (15/88)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

Fifth: pronouncing Allah’s Name.

Sixth: the animal must not be slaughtered for other than Allah. If it is slaughtered for other than Allah, it is forbidden and unlawful, even if Allah’s Name is pronounced—for example, if it is slaughtered for an idol, a ruler, a leader, a saint, or anyone else, as an offering by which one seeks nearness to and venerates that person. Such an animal is forbidden, for Allah the Exalted says:

“Forbidden to you are carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, that which has been dedicated to other than Allah, animals that have died by strangulation, by a violent blow, by a fall, or by being gored, and those partly eaten by wild beasts—unless you are able to slaughter them properly—and those sacrificed on stone altars.” [Quran 5:3]

That is, sacrificed upon idols; whatever is sacrificed upon them is forbidden.

Seventh: no name other than Allah may be invoked over it. If a name other than Allah’s is invoked over it, it is forbidden, whether that name is mentioned alone or together with Allah’s Name. Allah the Exalted says:

“And that which has been dedicated to other than Allah.” [Quran 5:3]

The basic meaning of this invocation is to raise one’s voice. Thus, if any slaughtered animal is dedicated aloud to other than Allah, it is forbidden—for example, if one says, “In the name of Christ,” “In the name of such-and-such a saint,” “In the name of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,” “In the name of the people,” “In the name of the president,” or the like. Such an animal is forbidden and unlawful, because other than Allah has been invoked over it. If the name of other than Allah is mentioned alone, the matter is clear; and if it is mentioned alongside Allah’s Name, then this is because shirk (associating partners with Allah), when it accompanies an act, nullifies it. Allah the Exalted says:

“If you were to associate others with Allah, your deeds would surely come to nothing, and you would certainly be among the losers.” [Quran 39:65]

Accordingly, if an animal is slaughtered in the name of other than Allah, whether that name is mentioned alone or jointly with Allah’s Name, it is forbidden and unlawful.

Is the animal slaughtered by one who forgets lawful?

The slaughtered animal is not lawful if Allah’s Name was omitted out of forgetfulness (1).

(1) Narrated by Abu Dawud, al-Manasik, “Chapter on Game Meat for the Person in Ihram” (1851); al-Tirmidhi, al-Hajj, “Chapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding the Person in Ihram Eating Game” (775); al-Nasai, Manasik al-Hajj, “Chapter: If a Person in Ihram Points Out Game and a Non-consecrated Person Kills It” (5/187); Ibn Hibban (3971); and al-Hakim (1/476), on the authority of Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him. Ibn Hibban graded it authentic, and al-Hakim declared it authentic according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs; al-Dhahabi concurred.

الخامس: التسمية. السادس: ألا يذبح لغير الله، فإن ذبح لغير الله فهي حرام، لا تحل، حتى وإن سمى الله، بأن ذبح لصنم، أو لسلطان، أو لرئيس، أو لولي، أو لأي أحد، ذبحاً يتقرب إليه به، ويعظمه به، فإن الذبيحة حرام؛ لقوله تعالى: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلاَّ مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣] يعني على الأصنام، فما ذبح عليها فهو حرام. السابع: ألا يذكر اسم غير الله عليها، فإن ذكر غير اسم الله عليها فهي حرام، سواء ذكره مفرداً، أو مع اسم الله؛ لقوله تعالى: ﴿وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ﴾ [المائدة: ٣]، وأصل الإهلال رفع الصوت، فإذا أهل لغير الله بشيء من الذبائح فهي حرام، مثل أن يقول: باسم المسيح، أو باسم الولي فلان، أو باسم النبي محمد ﷺ، أو باسم الشعب، أو باسم الرئيس، أو ما أشبه ذلك، فإن الذبيحة حرام لا تحل؛ لأنه أهل لغير الله بها، فإذا انفرد بذكر غير الله فالأمر واضح، وإن شارك؛ فلأن الشرك إذا قارن العمل أحبطه قال تعالى: ﴿لَئِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ وَلَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾ [الزمر: ٦٥]، وعلى هذا فإذا ذُبحت الذبيحة على اسم غير الله منفرداً أو مشاركاً فإنها حرام لا تحل. وهل تحل ذبيحة الناسي؟ لا تحل الذبيحة بترك التسمية ناسياً (١).

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في المناسك/ باب لحوم الصيد للمحرم (١٨٥١)، والترمذي في الحج/ باب ما جاء في أكل الصيد للمحرم (٧٧٥)، والنسائي في مناسك الحج/ باب إذا أشار المحرم إلى الصيد فقتله الحلال (٥/ ١٨٧)، وابن حبان (٣٩٧١)، والحاكم (١/ ٤٧٦) عن جابر ﵁ وصححه ابن حبان، وصححه الحاكم على شرط الشيخين، ووافقه الذهبي.