Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (15/78)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

His words, “at the time of slaughtering,” mean at the time of regular slaughter or nahr (piercing the lower neck). Thus, when performing regular slaughter upon an animal slaughtered in that manner, or nahr upon one for which nahr is prescribed, he must say, “In the name of Allah.” The grammatical analysis of this phrase has preceded: it is connected to an omitted verb, understood as coming after it and appropriate to the action. Thus, in regular slaughter one says, “In the name of Allah, I slaughter,” and in nahr, “In the name of Allah, I perform nahr.”

The evidence for this is the saying of Allah, exalted is He:

“Eat, then, of that over which the name of Allah has been mentioned, if you truly believe in His verses.” [al-An'am: 118]

And His saying:

“And why should you not eat of that over which the name of Allah has been mentioned, when He has explained to you what He has forbidden to you, except that to which you are compelled?” [al-An'am: 119]

And His saying, exalted is He:

“Do not eat of that over which the name of Allah has not been mentioned, for it is surely sinful disobedience.” [al-An'am: 121]

From the Sunnah is the Prophet’s statement, peace and blessings be upon him: “Eat whatever causes the blood to flow, provided that the name of Allah has been mentioned over it.” (1) He said, “Whatever causes the blood to flow...” Here, “whatever” is conditional.

One may also cite the hadith of Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, narrated by al-Bukhari: Some people said, “O Messenger of Allah, people bring us meat, and we do not know whether they mentioned the name of Allah over it or not.” He replied, “Mention the name of Allah yourselves and eat.” (2) This indicates that it was already established among them that whatever had not had the name of Allah mentioned over it was not to be eaten. Hence they said, “We do not know whether they mentioned the name of Allah over it or not”—that is, should we eat it or not? So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Mention the name of Allah yourselves and eat.”

His words, “In the name of Allah”: is what is intended this precise wording, or is what is intended the name of the One denoted by this name?

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Dhaba'ih wa al-Sayd (Sacrificial Animals and Hunting), chapter: “The slaughtered animals of the Bedouins and the like” (5507). (2) Narrated by al-Harith in his Musnad (1:478), and attributed in al-Durr al-Manthur to Abd ibn Humayd (3:349). It was deemed weak by al-Albani, as cited in al-Irwa' (2537).

قوله: «عند الذبح» أو النحر، فعند الذبح، فيما يُذبح، أو النحر فيما يُنحر لا بد أن يقول: «باسم الله» والجملة هذه سبق إعرابها، وأنها متعلقة بمحذوف يُقدَّر فعلاً متأخراً مناسباً، فيقال: «باسم الله أذبح» في الذبح، وفي النحر: «باسم الله أنحر». ودليل ذلك قوله تعالى: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ بِآيَاتِهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ [الأنعام:١١٨]، وقوله تعالى: ﴿وَمَا لَكُمْ أَلاَّ تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ فَصَّلَ لَكُمْ مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلاَّ مَا اضْطُرِرْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١١٩]، وقوله ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَفِسْقٌ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٢١]. ومن السنة قول النبي ﷺ: «ما أنهر الدم وذُكر اسم الله عليه فكُلْ» (١). فقال: «ما أنهر الدم .. » و «ما» شرطية. ويمكن أن يستدل ـ أيضاً ـ بحديث عائشة ﵂ الذي رواه البخاري أن قوماً قالوا: يا رسول الله، إن قوماً يأتوننا باللحم، لا ندري أذكروا اسم الله عليه أم لا؟ فقال: «سَمُّوا أنتم وكلُوا» (٢)، فإن هذا يدل على أنه كان من المستقر عندهم أن ما لم يذكر اسم الله عليه لا يؤكل، ولهذا قالوا: لا ندري أذكروا اسم الله عليه أم لا؟ يعني فهل نأكله أو لا؟ فقال ﷺ: «سموا أنتم وكُلوا». وقوله: «باسم الله» هل المراد هذا اللفظ، أو المراد باسمِ مُسمَّى هذا الاسمِ؟

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الذبائح والصيد/ باب ذبيحة الأعراب ونحوهم (٥٥٠٧). (٢) أخرجه الحارث في مسنده (١/ ٤٧٨) وعزاه في الدر المنثور إلى عبد بن حميد (٣/ ٣٤٩) وضعفه الألباني كما في الإرواء (٢٥٣٧).