Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (15/66)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

as a case of coordinating the specific with the general, for in reality he worships an idol, except that his idol is fire. Thus, the Magians who worship fire do not offer lawful slaughtered animals. The author explicitly mentioned them because the jizyah is accepted from the Magians, as it is from the People of the Book; yet their slaughtered animals are not lawful, by the consensus of the scholars. It is related from Abu Thawr that he permitted the slaughtered animals of the Magians by analogy with accepting the jizyah from them. The correct view is that the jizyah is accepted from them not because they are Magians, but because all disbelievers, if they offer the jizyah, must be spared from fighting—whether they are People of the Book, Magians, idolaters, or others. The Magians were specifically mentioned so that no one might claim: “They are protected subjects; therefore their slaughtered animals are lawful, though marriage to their women is not.”

His statement: “or an apostate,” meaning one who has apostatized from Islam, through any form of apostasy. Whoever denies any report from Allah, while knowing that it is a report from Allah, is an apostate, and his slaughtered animal is not lawful. Whoever denies the obligation of the manifest duties unanimously agreed upon is an apostate, and his slaughtered animal is not lawful. Whoever mocks anything of the religion is an apostate. Indeed, whoever dislikes what the Prophet ﷺ brought—or any part of it—is an apostate. Allah, Most High, says:

“That is because they disliked what Allah revealed, so He rendered their deeds worthless.” [Muhammad 47:9]

Deeds are rendered worthless only by apostasy. Allah, Most High, says:

“If you were to associate others with Allah, your deeds would surely become worthless.” [al-Zumar 39:65]

“Whoever among you renounces his religion and dies as a disbeliever, their deeds will come to nothing in this world and the Hereafter.” [al-Baqarah 2:217]

One who abandons the prayer is an apostate; therefore, his slaughtered animal is not lawful. According to the view of those who hold that he does not become a disbeliever, his slaughtered animal is lawful. Thus, if one who abandons the prayer slaughters an animal and invites two men to it, one of whom holds that the slaughtered animal of one who abandons the prayer is not lawful because he is an apostate,

من باب عطف الخاص على العام؛ لأنه في الواقع يعبد الوثن لكن وثنه نار، فالمجوس الذين يعبدون النار لا تصح ذبيحتهم، وإنما نص عليه ﵀؛ لأن المجوس تؤخذ منهم الجزية كأهل الكتاب، لكن لا تحل ذبائحهم بإجماع العلماء، إلاَّ أنه يُروى عن أبي ثور أنه أباح ذبائح المجوس قياساً على أخذ الجزية منهم، والصواب أن أخذ الجزية منهم لا لأنهم مجوس، ولكن لأن جميع الكفار إذا بذلوا الجزية وجب الكف عن قتالهم، سواء كانوا من أهل كتاب، أو من المجوس، أو من الوثنيين، أو غيرهم لكن نص على المجوس لئلا يقول قائل إنهم أهل ذمة فتجوز ذبائحهم ولا تجوز مناكحتهم. قوله: «وَمُرْتَدٍّ» أي: عن الإسلام، بأي نوع من أنواع الردَّة، فمن كذَّب خبراً من أخبار الله مع علمه أنه من خبر الله فهو مرتد، لا تحل ذبيحته، ومن جحد وجوب الفرائض الظاهرة المجمع عليها فهو مرتد، لا تحل ذبيحته، ومن سخر بشيء من الدين فهو مرتد، بل من كره ما جاء به النبي ﷺ أو شيء منه فهو مرتد، قال تعالى: ﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ *﴾ [محمد]، ولا يحبط العمل إلاَّ بالردة، قال تعالى: ﴿لَئِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ﴾ [الزمر: ٦٥] ﴿وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢١٧]، وتارك الصلاة مرتد فلا تحل ذبيحته، وعلى قول من يقول: إنه لا يكفر تحل ذبيحته، فلو ذبح تارك الصلاة ذبيحة، ودعا إليها رجلين، أحدهما يقول: إن تارك الصلاة لا تحل ذبيحته؛ لأنه مرتد،