then it may prey upon him—for example, if someone takes her young from before her, or the like. Otherwise, that is not its nature.
In any case, the author’s exception of the hyena requires us to ask him for evidence, because exempting it from this ruling indicates that he considers it among the predatory beasts that prey with their fangs. The evidence for exempting it is that the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, stipulated a sheep as compensation for it if it is killed by a person in ihram (1). This indicates that it is game, for Allah, may He be exalted, says:
“O you who believe, do not kill game while you are in the state of ihram.” [al-Ma’idah: 95]
Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, cited this as evidence: the Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, stipulated a ram as compensation for it, which indicates that it is lawful to eat.
These animals are now considered extinct; that is, one rarely finds them in the region. In former times they were abundant in the Arabian Peninsula. It is said that the reason for their disappearance was the opening of the Suez Canal, since they used to come to us from Africa. This was when the Arabian Peninsula and Africa were connected by a continuous landmass; then, when the canal was opened, their passage was cut off. And Allah knows best.
“Such as the lion, tiger, wolf, elephant, leopard, dog, pig, jackal, weasel, cat, mongoose, monkey, bear, and any bird that possesses talons with which it hunts, …”
His statement, “such as the lion”: the lion is a well-known animal and is proverbial for courage.
His statement, “and the tiger”: it is an animal between the dog and the lion, and it has striped skin.