Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

of grains, fruits, and other things. Nothing impure is lawful, such as carrion and blood; nor is anything harmful, such as poison and the like, ........

His statement, “of grains,” clarifies his statement, “every pure thing.” Grains include wheat, rice, barley, lentils, beans, and the like.

His statement, “fruits and other things,” includes dates, figs, grapes, oranges, and the like. Enumerating the various kinds may be difficult, and we cannot encompass them all; but we have the general principle: “Everything pure that contains no harm.”

His statement, “Nothing impure is lawful, such as carrion and blood”: We may add a third category: swine, for Allah, Exalted is He, says:

“Say: I do not find in what has been revealed to me anything forbidden to one who eats it, unless it be carrion, spilled blood, or the flesh of swine—for indeed it is impure.”

Citing this verse as evidence is more appropriate than citing the verse mentioned by the author of al-Rawd (1), namely His saying, “Forbidden to you are carrion and blood ...” to the end of the verse, because that verse does not explicitly state that these things are impure.

His statement, “nor is anything harmful”: The evidence for the prohibition of whatever causes harm is found in the Quran and the sunnah.

From the Quran is the saying of Allah, Exalted is He: “And do not throw yourselves into destruction with your own hands” [al-Baqarah 2:195]. And He says: “And do not kill yourselves” [al-Nisa 4:29]. The prohibition against killing oneself also entails a prohibition of its causes. Thus, everything that leads to harm is forbidden. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There should be neither harm nor reciprocating harm” (2). It may also be supported by the saying of Allah, Exalted is He: “And if you are

(1) Al-Rawd al-Murabbi, with Hashiyat Ibn Qasim, 7:417. (2) Recorded by Imam Ahmad, 5:326-327, and Ibn Majah, al-Ahkam, chapter: “Whoever builds on his property something that harms his neighbor,” no. 2340, on the authority of Ubadah ibn al-Samit, may Allah be pleased with him. It was also narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id, Abu Hurayrah, Jabir, Ibn Abbas, Aishah, and others. Al-Nawawi said: “It is a good hadith, and it has chains of transmission that strengthen one another.” Commenting on al-Nawawi's statement, Ibn Rajab said: “It is as he said.” Ibn al-Salah said: “Al-Daraqutni transmitted this hadith through several chains, whose combined strength reinforces and renders the hadith sound. The majority of scholars have accepted it and used it as evidence.” See Jami al-Ulum wa al-Hikam, 2:211.
مِنْ حَبٍّ وَثَمَرٍ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، وَلَا يَحِلُّ نَجِسٌ، كَالْمَيْتَةِ، وَالدَّمِ، وَلَا مَا فِيهِ مَضَرَّةٌ كَالسُّمِّ وَنَحْوِهِ، ........ قوله: «من حَبٍّ» هذا بيان لقوله: «كل طاهر» والحب مثل: البر، والأرز، والشعير، والعدس، والفول، وما أشبه ذلك. قوله: «وثمر وغيرهما»: كالتمر، والتين، والعنب، والبرتقال، ونحوها، فتعداد الأنواع قد يصعب ولا نحيط بها، لكن عندنا القاعدة العامة «كل طاهر لا مضرة فيه». قوله: «ولا يحل نجس كالميتة والدم» ونضيف إليه ثالثاً: الخنزير؛ لقوله تعالى: ﴿قُلْ لَا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَى طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِيرٍ فَإِنَّهُ رِجْسٌ﴾، والاستدلال بهذه الآية أولى من الاستدلال بالآية التي ذكرها صاحب «الروض» (١) وهي قوله تعالى: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ﴾ … ﴾ إلى آخره؛ لأن هذه الآية ليس فيها التصريح بأنها نجسة. قوله: «ولا ما فيه مضرة» الدليل على تحريم ما فيه مضرة من القرآن والسنة. فمن القرآن: قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٥]، وقال ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٩]، والنهي عن قتل النفس نهيٌ عن أسبابه أيضاً، فكل ما يؤدي إلى الضرر فهو حرام، وقال النبي ﵊: «لا ضرر ولا ضرار» (٢)، وربما يستدل له أيضاً بقوله تعالى: ﴿وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ
(١) الروض المربع مع حاشية ابن قاسم (٧/ ٤١٧). (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد (٥/ ٣٢٦ ـ ٣٢٧)، وابن ماجه في الأحكام/ باب من بني في حقه ما يضر بجاره (٢٣٤٠) من حديث عبادة بن الصامت ﵁. وروي أيضاً من حديث أبي سعيد، وأبي هريرة، وجابر، وابن عباس، وعائشة وغيرهم. قال النووي: «حديث حسن وله طرق يقوى بعضها ببعض» قال ابن رجب تعقيباً على كلام النووي: «وهو كما قال». قال ابن الصلاح: «هذا الحديث أسنده الدارقطني من وجوه، ومجموعها يقوي الحديث ويحسنه، وقد تقبله جماهير أهل العلم واحتجوا به» انظر: جامع العلوم والحكم (٢/ ٢١١).

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