Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

was excused after the time had passed is not sinful. Therefore, the one who deliberately delayed it must repent to Allah Most High for what he did, and he should not perform the prayer.

Purification from ritual impurity and physical impurity …

His statement: “and purification from ritual impurity,” means that one of the conditions of prayer is purification from ritual impurity. The evidence for this from the Quran is Allah’s saying: “O you who believe, when you rise to pray, wash your faces … But He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you so that you may be grateful.” [al-Ma'idah 5:6]

The point of evidence is that Allah Most High commanded us, when we rise to pray, to perform ablution for minor ritual impurity, to take a ritual bath for janabah, and to perform dry ablution when water is unavailable. He also explained that the wisdom behind this is purification. Thus, before doing so, a person is not in a state of purity; and one who is not in a state of purity is not fit to stand before Allah.

As for the evidence from the sunnah, it includes the Prophet’s ﷺ saying: “Allah does not accept the prayer of any of you when he has nullified his ablution until he performs ablution.” (1) This is an explicit text. He ﷺ also said: “There is no prayer without purification.” (2)

His statement: “and physical impurity,” means that one of the conditions of prayer is purification from physical impurity.

The discussion of impure substances has preceded in the chapter on removing impurity. (3)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Ablution, chapter: “Prayer Is Not Accepted Without Purification,” no. 135; and Muslim, Book of Purification, chapter: “The Obligation of Purification for Prayer,” no. 225, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah. (2) Its source citation has preceded at 1:324. (3) See 1:414-463.
معذور بعد الوقت غير آثم. إذاً؛ المتعمّد عليه أن يتوبَ إلى الله تعالى مما فعله، ولا يُصلِّي. والطَّهَارةُ مِن الحَدَثِ، والنَّجَسِ ............. قوله: «والطَّهارة من الحدث»، أي: ومن شروط الصَّلاة: الطهارة من الحدث، ودليل ذلك من القرآن قوله تعالى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ﴾ إلى قوله تعالى: ﴿وَلَكِنْ يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٦]. ووجه الدلالة: أن الله تعالى أمر ـ إذا قمنا إلى الصَّلاة ـ بالوُضُوء من الحدث الأصغر، والغُسُل من الجنابة، والتيمُّم عند العدم، وبَيَّن أن الحكمةَ في ذلك التطهير. إذاً؛ الإنسان قبل ذلك غيرُ طاهر، ومن كان غيرَ طاهر فإنه غيرُ لائق أن يكون قائماً بين يدي الله ﷿. وأما الدَّليل من السُّنَّة: فمنه قول النبيِّ ﷺ: «لا يقبلُ الله صلاةَ أحدِكُم إذا أحدثَ حتى يتوضَّأ» (١)، وهذا نصٌّ صريحٌ وقال ﷺ: «لا صلاة بغير طُهُور» (٢). قوله: «والنَّجَس»، أي: ومن شروط الصَّلاة الطهارة من النَّجس. وقد تقدم ـ في باب إزالة النَّجاسة ـ بيانُ الأعيان النجسة (٣).
(١) رواه البخاري، كتاب الوضوء: باب لا تقبل صلاة بغير طهور، رقم (١٣٥)، ومسلم، كتاب الطهارة: باب وجوب الطهارة للصلاة، رقم (٢٢٥) من حديث أبي هريرة. (٢) تقدم تخريجه (١/ ٣٢٤). (٣) انظر: (١/ ٤١٤ ـ ٤٦٣).

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