It likewise varies according to the ruler’s justice or tyranny. It is apparent that justice affords greater security than tyranny, for justice is part of faith. Allah, Exalted is He, says:
“Those who believe and do not mix their faith with wrongdoing—for them is security.” [al-An‘am: 82]
Allah assists the just imam—or just ruler—in preserving security more than He assists the tyrannical one. Moreover, a tyrant restrains people from theft only through their fear of him; when he is absent and not watching over them, they dare to steal. Thus, people’s security under the rule of a tyrannical ruler is less.
Tyranny is not, as some people imagine, simply strictness in governance. Rather, it is tyrannical not to deal justly with one’s subjects. This is why the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Bashir ibn Sa‘d when he gave his son al-Nu‘man, may Allah be pleased with him, something that he had not given his other sons: “I do not bear witness to injustice.” (1) It is therefore tyrannical for a ruler not to deal justly with his subjects, and there is no doubt that, when he does not deal justly with them, security is disrupted.
The ruler’s strength or weakness also makes a difference. Strength, likewise, is more conducive to proper security. There is no doubt that, when the ruler is strong, security is more firmly established than when he is weak. If the ruler is weak, and we come to him to complain that gold has been stolen from locked chests, he says, “What matters is that they did not violate your honour—praise be to Allah!” Such a ruler is weak, and he is a cause of disorder and theft.
Thus, the stronger the ruler, the less security is required, to the point that, at times,