Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

The second view is that the punishment of one who drinks an intoxicant falls under discretionary punishment, which may not be reduced below forty lashes, since this is the lowest number reported concerning it. However, the ruler may increase it if he sees that the public interest requires this. They cite the following evidence:

First: Allah did not mention its prescribed punishment in the Quran.

Second: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did not specify its prescribed punishment in the sunnah. Rather, he said, “If he drinks, then flog him; then if he drinks, flog him; then if he drinks, flog him” (1), without specifying a number.

Third: When a drinker was brought before the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, they would rise and strike him with palm branches, sandals, the ends of cloaks, their hands (2), and the like. Had this been a prescribed punishment that could not be exceeded, it would have had to be regulated, rather than allowing everyone who came forward to strike.

Fourth: When the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, deliberated during the caliphate of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, after people had become frequent in drinking it, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “The lightest of the prescribed punishments ...”

(1) Reported by Ahmad (4/96), Abu Dawud in al-Hudud (Legal Punishments), chapter: “When One Repeatedly Drinks Wine” (4482); al-Tirmidhi in al-Hudud, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Concerning Drinking Wine: Flog Him, and if He Returns a Fourth Time, Kill Him” (1444); and Ibn Majah in al-Hudud, chapter: “One Who Drinks Wine Repeatedly” (2573), on the authority of Muawiyah. Al-Hakim graded it authentic according to Muslim’s criteria (4/371). Ibn Abd al-Hadi stated in al-Muharrar (1165): “Its narrators are trustworthy.” Al-Albani also graded it authentic in Sahih al-Jami al-Saghir (61). (2) Its source has been cited previously on p. 291.
والقول الثاني: أن عقوبة شارب المسكر من باب التعزير، الذي لا يُنْقص عن أربعين جلدة؛ لأن هذا أقل ما روي فيه، ولكن للحاكم أن يزيد عليه إذا رأى المصلحة في ذلك، واستدلوا بالتالي: أولاً: أن الله ﷾ لم يذكر حده في القرآن. ثانياً: أن النبي ﷺ لم يذكر حدَّه في السنة، بل قال ﷺ: «إن شرب فاجلدوه، ثم إن شرب فاجلدوه، ثم إن شرب فاجلدوه» (١) ولم يحدَّه. ثالثاً: أن الصحابة ﵃ كانوا إذا أُتِي بالشارب قاموا إليه يضربونه بالجريد، والنعال، وطرف الرداء، والأيدي (٢)، وما أشبه ذلك، ولو كان هذا حدّاً لا يُتجاوز لوجب ضبطه، وألا يكون كل من جاء ضَرَبَ. رابعاً: أن الصحابة ﵃ لما تشاوروا في عهد عمر ﵁ حين أكثر الناس من شربه، قال عبد الرحمن بن عوف ﵁: أخف الحدود
(١) أخرجه أحمد (٤/ ٩٦)، وأبو داود في الحدود باب إذا تتابع في شرب الخمر (٤٤٨٢)، والترمذي في الحدود باب ما جاء في شرب الخمر فاجلدوه ومن عاد في الرابعة فاقتلوه (١٤٤٤)، وابن ماجه في الحدود باب من شرب الخمر مراراً (٢٥٧٣) عن معاوية ﵁ وصححه الحاكم على شرط مسلم (٤/ ٣٧١) وقال ابن عبد الهادي في المحرر (١١٦٥): «رواته ثقات»، وصححه الألباني في صحيح الجامع الصغير (٦١). (٢) سبق تخريجه ص (٢٩١).

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