Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (2/89)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

the intercession, either because of something he regards as an excuse, as was the case with Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Moses; or because he considers someone else more deserving of that station, as Jesus does. Consider how Allah inspires people to go to these men: the latter four are the messengers of firm resolve, while Adam is the father of humankind—Allah created him with His Hand and commanded His angels to prostrate before him. Then consider how Allah inspires each of them to excuse himself on account of what he believes stands between him and interceding. For an intercessor does not step forward to intercede while believing that he has done something that detracts from the rank of intercession. These four—Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Moses—felt too ashamed to step forward to intercede because, in their view, they had done something that detracted from the rank of intercession, even though they had repented to Allah Most High.

As for Abraham, peace be upon him, what he did was based on interpretation; yet, out of the perfection of his humility, he offered it as an excuse. The fifth, however, did not mention anything that would detract from the rank of intercession; rather, he mentioned the one more deserving of it: Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, so that every perfection might be completed for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.

This is part of the praised station concerning which Allah said to him: “And rise at the night with it as an additional prayer for you. It may be that your Lord will raise you to a praised station.” [al-Isra'] These supplications. It has been authentically established from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that “whoever sends blessings upon him, then asks Allah to grant him the highest rank, will be entitled to his intercession on the Day of Resurrection.” (1) He will therefore deserve it. There is no doubt that this is among the blessings of Allah, glorified and exalted is He, upon us and upon the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him: upon us, because of the reward we attain through this supplication; and upon the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, because it elevates his renown that his community should continue to supplicate to Allah for him until the Day of Resurrection.

(1) Narrated by Muslim; its source documentation has preceded on p. 86.

الشَّفاعة، إما بما يراه عُذراً كآدم ونوح وإبراهيم وموسى، وإمَّا لأنه يرى أن في المقام مَنْ هو أولى منه كعيسى. وانظر كيف أَلْهَمَ اللَّهُ الناسَ أن يأتوا إلى هؤلاء؛ لأن هؤلاء الأربعة هم أولو العزم، وآدم أبو البشر خلقه الله بيده وأسجد له ملائكته، ثم انظر كيف يُلْهِمُ الله هؤلاء أن يعتذر كُلُّ واحد بما يرى أنَّه حائل بينه وبين الشفاعة، لأن الشافع لا يتقدَّم في الشَّفَاعة، وهو يرى أنه فعل ما يُخِلُّ بمقام الشَّفاعة، وهؤلاء الأربعة: آدم ونوح وإبراهيم وموسى؛ استحيوا أن يتقدَّموا في الشَّفاعة؛ لكونهم فعلوا ما يُخِلُّ بمقام الشَّفاعة في ظَنِّهم، مع أنهم قد تابوا إلى الله تعالى. أما بالنسبة لإبراهيم ﵇ فالذي فعله كان تأويلاً، لكن لكمال تواضعه اعتذر به. والخامس لم يذكر شيئاً يُخِلُّ بمقام الشفاعة، ولكن ذَكَرَ مَنْ هو أَولى منه في ذلك، وهو محمَّد ﵊ لتتمَّ الكمالات لرسول الله ﷺ. وهذا من المقام المحمود الذي قال الله له فيه: ﴿وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَكَ عَسَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا *﴾ [الإسراء] هذه الدعوات. وقد ثَبَت عن النبي ﷺ: «أن من صَلَّى عليه، ثم سأل الله له الوسيلة، فإنها تحلُّ له الشفاعة يوم القيامة» (١). فيكون مستحقًّا لها، وهذا لا شَكَّ أنه من نعمة الله سبحانه علينا وعلى الرَّسول ﷺ. أما علينا فلِمَا ننالُه من الأجر من هذا الدُّعاء، وأما على الرَّسول ﷺ. فلأن هذا مما يرفع ذكرَه أن تكون أمته إلى يوم القيامة تدعو الله له.

(١) رواه مسلم، وقد تقدم تخريجه ص (٨٦).