Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

Second: that it take place in a vagina or anus.

Third: that the vagina or anus be natural.

Fourth: that the vagina or anus belong to a human being.

Fifth: that the human being be alive.

If any of these five conditions is not fulfilled, the prescribed punishment is not due upon the offender, though he is liable to discretionary punishment.

Thus, if a man spends the night with a woman, kissing and embracing her, having intercourse with her between the thighs, and doing everything else, but does not insert the glans, then there is no prescribed punishment; however, he is liable to discretionary punishment. If he comes repentant to the authority, the judge has discretion: if he wishes, he may impose discretionary punishment upon him, and if he wishes, he may refrain from doing so. This is because it is established in an authentic hadith that a man came to the Messenger, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, informing him that he had done everything with a woman except intercourse. Thereupon Allah revealed:

“Establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night. Indeed, good deeds do away with misdeeds.” [Hud 11:114] (1)

He did not impose discretionary punishment upon him. Therefore, if someone comes remorseful and repentant for what he has done, then, if he asks us to impose discretionary punishment upon him and insists on it, we impose it upon him; otherwise, we inform him that repentance wipes away what came before it.

Second: the absence of legal ambiguity. Thus, no prescribed punishment is imposed for intercourse with a female slave in whom one has a share, or who belongs to one’s child; or with a woman whom one believes to be one’s wife or concubine; or within an invalid marriage that one believes to be valid; or in a marriage or ownership arrangement concerning which there is scholarly disagreement; and the like. Nor is a woman subject to the prescribed punishment if she is coerced into fornication or adultery.

His statement, “Second: the absence of legal ambiguity,” means that the prescribed punishment is a penalty for sin; therefore, this sin must be established before this punishment can be applied,

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Prayer Times, chapter: “Prayer Is an Expiation” (526); and Muslim, Book of Repentance, chapter on Allah's statement, “Indeed, good deeds erase evil deeds” (2763), on the authority of Ibn Mas'ud.
ثانياً: أن يكون في قبل، أو دبر. ثالثاً: أن يكون القبل أو الدبر أصليين. رابعاً: أن يكون القبل والدبر من آدمي. خامساً: أن يكون الآدمي حياً. فهذه الشروط الخمسة إذا لم تتم فإن الحد لا يجب على الفاعل، ولكن يجب عليه التعزير. فلو أن رجلاً بات مع امرأة وصار يقبلها، ويضمها، ويجامعها بين الفخذين، ويفعل كل شيء، إلا أنه لم يولج الحشفة فلا حَدَّ، ولكن عليه التعزير، إلا أن يجيء تائباً إلى الإمام فإن الحاكم بالخيار، إن شاء أقام عليه التعزير، وإن شاء لم يقم عليه التعزير؛ لأنه ثبت في الحديث الصحيح: أن رجلاً جاء إلى الرسول ﵊ يخبره بأنه فعل بامرأة كل شيء إلا النكاح، فأنزل الله قوله تعالى: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤] (١)، ولم يقم عليه التعزير، فإذا جاء نادماً تائباً من فعله فإننا في هذه الحال إن طلب منا أن نقيم عليه التعزير، وألح في ذلك أقمنا عليه، وإلا أخبرناه بأن التوبة تَجُبُّ ما قبلها. الثَّانِي: انْتِفَاءُ الشُّبْهَةِ، فَلَا يُحَدُّ بِوَطْءِ أَمَةٍ لَهُ فِيهَا شِرْكٌ، أَوْ لِوَلَدِهِ، أَوْ وَطِئَ امْرَأَةً ظَنَّهَا زَوْجَتَهُ أَوْ سُرِّيَّتَهُ، أَوْ فِي نِكَاحٍ بَاطِلٍ اعْتَقَدَ صِحَّتَهُ أَوْ نِكَاحٍ أَوْ مُلْكٍ مُخْتَلَفٍ فِيهِ، وَنَحْوِهِ، أَوْ أُكْرِهَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى الزِّنَا. قوله: «الثاني انتفاء الشبهة» لأن الحد عقوبة على معصية، فلا بد من أن تتحقق هذه المعصية لنطبق هذه العقوبة،
(١) أخرجه البخاري في مواقيت الصلاة باب الصلاة كفارة (٥٢٦)، ومسلم في التوبة باب قوله تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ﴾ (٢٧٦٣) عن ابن مسعود ﵁.

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