Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

here means the one who holds the highest authority in the state and administers its affairs.

His words, “or his deputy”: the imam’s deputy may be the judge, the minister, or the governor. This is determined by customary practice in such matters. For example, if it is the imam’s practice to appoint governors to act on his behalf in enforcing the prescribed punishments, then the governor is the imam’s deputy. If the tribal elders are the ones who enforce them, then the tribal chief acts as his deputy. If judges act on his behalf, then the judge is his deputy, and so on. The point is that this is governed by customary practice and the particular administrative system, which differs from one place to another.

His words, “other than a mosque,” include every place except the mosque. Thus, based on the apparent meaning of the author’s words, it is permissible to enforce it in a house, provided that it is witnessed by a group of believers. It is also permissible in a workplace; for example, if they are in an office, the prescribed punishment may be enforced upon him there. But it must be witnessed by a group of believers. Nevertheless, it is preferable and more appropriate for it to take place in a public place, meaning a place accessible to everyone, such as a marketplace, public gatherings, and the like.

For this reason, concerning Ma‘iz ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Take him away and stone him.” The people stoned him openly and publicly (1). Likewise, one who had drunk wine would be brought forth, and the people would strike him with their hands, palm stalks, sandals, and cloaks (2), so that it would be public, because, so long as we say that what is intended is deterrence—

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Hudud, chapter: “The insane man and woman are not to be stoned” (6815), and by Muslim, Kitab al-Hudud, chapter: “Whoever confesses to zina (unlawful sexual intercourse)” (1691), on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. (2) Its wording is: “The Prophet struck [those guilty of drinking] wine with palm branches and sandals, and Abu Bakr flogged forty lashes.” Reported by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Hudud, chapter: “What has been reported concerning striking the wine-drinker” (6773), and by Muslim, Kitab al-Hudud, chapter: “The prescribed punishment for wine” (1706, 37), on the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him.
هنا من له السلطة العليا في الدولة، المدبر لشؤونها. وقوله: «أو نائبه» نائب الإمام هو القاضي، الوزير، الأمير، هذا يرجع إلى العرف في هذه الأمور، فمثلاً إذا كان من عادة الإمام أن يقيم عنه الأمراءَ في تنفيذ الحدود صار نائب الإمام الأمير، وإذا كان الذي يقيمها شيوخ القبائل صار من ينوب عنه شيخ القبيلة، وإذا كان ينوب عنه القضاة صار الذي ينوب عنه القاضي وهكذا، فالمهم أن هذا يرجع إلى العرف والنظام الخاص، وهذا يختلف في كل مكان بحسبه. قوله: «في غير مسجد» يشمل كل مكان إلا المسجد، فيجوز أن يقيمه في البيت على ظاهر كلام المؤلف، لكن بشرط أن يشهده طائفة من المؤمنين، ويجوز في مكان العمل، كما لو كانوا في دائرة وأقام الحد عليه في الدائرة، لكن لا بد أن يشهده طائفة من المؤمنين، ولكن الأفضل والأولى أن يكون في مكان عام، بمعنى أنه يأتي إليه كل أحد، كالسوق، ومجالس الناس، وما أشبه هذا. ولهذا فإن ماعز بن مالك ﵁ قال الرسول ﷺ: «اذهبوا به فارجموه» فرجمه الناس علناً ظاهراً (١)، وكان شارب الخمر يؤتى به، والناس يضربونه باليد، والجريد، والنعل، وبالرداء (٢)، فيكون ظاهراً؛ لأننا ما دمنا نقول: إنَّ المراد رَدْعٌ
(١) أخرجه البخاري في الحدود باب لا يرجم المجنون والمجنونة (٦٨١٥)، ومسلم في الحدود باب من اعترف على نفسه بالزنا (١٦٩١) عن أبي هريرة ﵁. (٢) ولفظه: أن النبي ﷺ ضرب في الخمر بالجريد والنعال، وجلد أبو بكر أربعين. أخرجه البخاري في الحدود باب ما جاء في ضرب شارب الخمر (٦٧٧٣)، ومسلم في الحدود باب حد الخمر (١٧٠٦) (٣٧) عن أنس ـ ﵁.

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