Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

His statement, “the faculty of walking”: that is, if he assaults him and deprives him of the ability to walk—for example, if his legs become paralyzed and he can no longer walk, which occurs frequently, such as when his spine is struck and the spinal cord is severed so that it is no longer connected to the lower part of the body—then a full blood-money is due, because he has deprived him of a faculty for which there is no counterpart in the body.

His statement, “eating”: if he deprives him of the faculty of eating, then a full blood-money is due. This has several aspects: he may remove his appetite for food; or he may eat but derive no benefit from the food; or he may eat but be unable to digest it, such that the food remains in his stomach and never passes down. In all these cases, a full blood-money is due, because eating is beneficial through its taste, appetite, digestion, and nourishment of the body. But if he prevents him from eating certain foods, such as in the case of diabetes, then assessed compensation is due.

His statement, “sexual intercourse”: that is, if he assaults him so that he no longer desires women; or he desires them but is unable to have intercourse, such as when he becomes impotent; or he has intercourse but does not ejaculate; or he ejaculates but is unable to procreate. If he impairs any one of these four, then a full blood-money is due.

His statement, “the inability to retain urine”: if he assaults him so that he is unable to retain his urine, then a full blood-money is due, because he has destroyed a faculty of which there is only one in his body.

His statement, “or feces”: that is, he is unable to retain his feces—for example, if he strikes his spine and it becomes slack, such that he cannot retain his feces—then a full blood-money is due. Likewise, if he assaults him so that he cannot retain wind, then a full blood-money is due.

قوله: «ومنفعة المشي» أي: لو جني عليه حتى أذهب منفعة مشيه، كأن شُلَّت رجلاه فأصبح لا يمشي، وهذا يقع كثيراً كما لو ضرب صلبه مثلاً، وفصل المخ حتى صار لا يتصل بالأسفل فعليه دية كاملة؛ لأنه أذهب منفعة لا نظير لها في الجسم. قوله: «والأكل» إذا أذهب منفعة الأكل فعليه دية كاملة، وهي ذات شُعَب، فقد يذهب اشتهاؤه الأكل، أو صار يأكل ولكنه لا ينتفع بالأكل، أو صار يأكل ولكنه لا يهضم، فيبقى الطعام في معدته لا ينزل أبداً، ففي هذه الأحوال دية كاملة؛ لأن الأكل ينتفع به في مذاقه، وفي اشتهائه، وفي هضمه، وفي منفعة الجسم به، فإن أفقده أكل بعض المأكولات كمرض السكري مثلاً، فهذا فيه حكومة. قوله: «والنكاح» أي: جني عليه حتى صار لا يشتهي النساء، أو يشتهي ولكنه لا يستطيع الجماع، كأن يصير عنيناً، أو يجامع ولكن لا ينزل، أو ينزل ولكنه لا يلقح، فإذا أفسد واحدة من هذه الأربع ففيه الدية كاملة. قوله: «وعدم استمساك البول» فإذا جنى عليه حتى صار لا يستطيع إمساك البول فعليه دية كاملة؛ لأنه أتلف منه منفعة ليس في جسمه منها إلا شيء واحد. قوله: «أو الغائط» أي: لا يستمسك الغائط، كأن يضربه على صلبه ويرتخي، فلا يستطيع إمساك الغائط، فعليه دية كاملة، وكذلك إذا جنى عليه حتى صار لا يمسك الريح فعليه دية كاملة.

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