Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (14/151)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

But if he assaults him and causes him to lose all sensation throughout his body, so that his entire body has no sense of touch, then a full blood-money is due, because he has deprived the body of an independent faculty. This differs from removing sensation from a particular part of the body, for which assessed compensation is due. And Allah knows best, this is apparently why the author did not mention it: there is disagreement over it and this distinction must be made.

The view that seems closest to correct to me is that, if he removes his sense of touch completely from the entire body, then a full blood-money is due; otherwise, assessed compensation is due. Loss of touch cannot validly be analogized to paralysis, for there is a great difference between them.

His statement, “likewise with speech”: if he removes speech altogether, such that the person becomes mute, then a full blood-money is due. But if he removes the ability to pronounce some letters, then the corresponding portion of the blood-money is due. It is divided among twenty-eight letters: if, for example, he removes the ability to pronounce the letter r, its corresponding portion of the blood-money is due; if he removes two letters, then the portions for both are due, and so on. If he removes fourteen letters, then half the blood-money is due.

But if he does not remove any letters, yet the person comes to stammer or repeat the letter f, then assessed compensation is due, because it is difficult to determine this in relation to the blood-money and impossible to calculate it precisely; therefore, assessed compensation is due.

His statement, “the intellect”: that is, if he assaults him and causes him to lose his intellect, then a full blood-money is due. This is the gravest of all. If the injured party claims to have lost his intellect and the offender denies it, then the injured party is to be kept under observation.

As for loss of memory, it appears that a full blood-money is due.

If his intellect is diminished—for example, if he had previously been among the most intelligent people and then his intelligence declined—then assessed compensation is due.

وأما إذا جنى عليه فأذهب لمسه من جميع بدنه، وصار جميع بدنه ليس له لمس فعليه الدية كاملة؛ لأنه أفقد البدن نفعاً مستقلاً، بخلاف ما إذا أذهب لمس شيء معين من البدن، فإن فيه حكومة، وهذا ـ والله أعلم ـ هو السر في أن المؤلف لم يذكره، وهو أن فيه هذا الخلاف، وهذا التفصيل. والأقرب عندي أن يقال: إن أذهب لَمْسَه بالكلية من جميع البدن فعليه الدية كاملة، وإلاّ فعليه حكومة، ولا يصح أن يقاس إذهاب اللمس على الشلل، لأن بينهما فرقاً عظيماً. قوله: «وكذا في الكلام» الكلام إذا أذهبه بالكلية حتى صار أخرسَ فعليه دية كاملة، وأمّا إن أذهب بعض الحروف ففيه قسطه من الدية، فتقسم على ثمانية وعشرين حرفاً، فإذا أذهب الراء مثلاً فيجب عليه قسطه من الدية، وإن أذهب حرفين فبقسطهما وهكذا، فإن أذهب أربعة عشر حرفاً فنصف الدية. وأما إذا لم يُذهب الحروف، ولكنه صار يتأتِئُ أو يفأفِئُ، فالواجب حكومة؛ لأن تقدير هذا بالنسبة للدية صعب، ولا يمكن الإحاطة به فعليه حكومة. قوله: «والعقل» أي: إذا جنى عليه حتى أذهب عقله فعليه دية كاملة، وهذا أشد شيء، فإذا ادعى المجني عليه زوال عقله، وأنكر الجاني فإن المجني عليه يُراقَب. وأما إذا فقد الذاكرة فالظاهر أن عليه دية كاملة. فإذا نقص عقله، بأن كان من قبل مِن أذكى الناس، ثم خفَّ ذكاؤه ففيه حكومة.