of it. Thus, the interval is established by the Prophetic Sunnah in both word and tacit approval. Accordingly, the instruction to observe this Sunnah and its approval entail that there should be an interval between the adhan and the iqamah.

His statement, “briefly,” means that he should not prolong it, because it is Sunnah to perform the Maghrib prayer early. For every prayer that is Sunnah to perform early, it is preferable not to prolong the interval between the adhan and the iqamah. Nevertheless, one should take into account the hadith: “Between every two calls there is a prayer” (1). For this reason, the scholars said that performing it early in this case should be understood as allowing enough time for what one needs, such as ablution and a light voluntary prayer or the regular Sunnah prayer (2).

It is Sunnah to perform all the prayers early, except for the Isha prayer, and except for the Dhuhr prayer when the heat is intense (3). However, regarding prayers that have voluntary prayers before them, such as Fajr and Dhuhr, one should take the people’s circumstances into consideration, so that they are able to perform ablution after the adhan and pray this regular Sunnah prayer.

Whoever combines prayers or makes up missed prayers gives the adhan for the first, then gives the iqamah for each obligatory prayer.

His statement, “Whoever combines prayers or makes up missed prayers gives the adhan for the first, then gives the iqamah for each obligatory prayer”: these are two issues:

The first is combining prayers, which may occur between Dhuhr and Asr, and between Maghrib and Isha. The reason for combining prayers will be explained later (4): it is hardship. Thus, whenever there is