Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

pregnant with an enslaved fetus, she is assessed as an enslaved woman. This may occur if an enslaved woman becomes pregnant by her master, then he emancipates her while excluding her fetus from the emancipation. If an offense is then committed against her after she has been freed and the fetus dies, she is assessed as an enslaved woman for purposes of valuation. There is nothing objectionable in this, and it should not be said, for example, that we have made a false assumption; rather, this is done in order to determine the blood-money due for this fetus.

His statement: “If an enslaved person commits an unintentional or deliberate offense for which there is no retaliation, or an offense subject to retaliation but for which financial compensation is chosen, or if he destroys property without his master’s permission, the liability attaches to his person.”

These are four issues:

First: his statement, “If an enslaved person commits an unintentional offense.” If an enslaved person commits an offense unintentionally, there is no retaliation; rather, blood-money is due.

For example, a man owns an enslaved man, and this enslaved man intends to shoot game but strikes a person instead. This is an unintentional offense, so blood-money becomes due, and the liability attaches to his person—that is, the legal consequence of the offense attaches to the enslaved person himself.

Second: his statement, “or a deliberate offense for which there is no retaliation.” An example is where this enslaved Muslim kills a disbeliever deliberately: there is no retaliation, because the killer is superior to the victim in religion. One of the conditions for retaliation is that the killer must not be superior to the victim in religion.

Third: his statement, “or an offense subject to retaliation but for which financial compensation is chosen.” That is, all the conditions for retaliation are fulfilled, but the heirs of the slain person choose financial compensation.

Fourth: his statement, “or if he destroys property without his master’s permission.” That is, this

حاملاً برقيق، فإنها تقدَّر أمة، ويكون ذلك بأن تحمل الأمة من سيدها، ثم يعتقها ويستثني حملها، فإذا جُني عليها بعد تحريرها، ثم مات الجنين فإنها تقدَّر أمة عند التقويم، ولا حرج في ذلك، ولا يقال: إننا كذبنا مثلاً، ولكن هذا من أجل أن نعرف دية هذا الجنين. قوله: «وإن جنى رقيق خطأ أو عمداً لا قود فيه، أو فيه قود واختير فيه المال، أو أتلف مالاً بغير إذن سيده تعلق ذلك برقبته». هذه أربع مسائل: الأولى: قوله: «وإن جنى رقيق خطأ» إذا جنى الرقيق خطأ، فليس هناك قود وإنما الدية. مثاله: رجل له عبد مملوك، وهذا العبد أراد أن يرمي صيداً فأصاب إنساناً، فالجناية خطأ، فتجب الدية ويتعلق ذلك برقبته، أي: أن موجَب الجناية يتعلق برقبة العبد. الثانية: قوله: «أو عمداً لا قود فيه» مثل أن يقتل هذا الرقيق المسلم كافراً عمداً، فلا قود؛ لأنه أفضل منه في الدين، ومن شروط القصاص أن لا يفضل القاتل المقتول في الدين. الثالثة: قوله: «أو فيه قود واختير فيه المال» يعني أن شروط القصاص تامة، ولكنَّ أولياء المقتول اختاروا المال. الرابعة: قوله: «أو أتلف مالاً بغير إذن سيده» يعني أن هذا

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