Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (14/134)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

ten thousand riyals; after his hand was amputated, his value fell to only two thousand riyals. Thus, the blood-money for his right hand is eight thousand. But if his left hand were amputated, his value after its amputation would be six thousand riyals; in that case, the blood-money for his left hand would be four thousand riyals. Thus, the blood-money for his right hand differs from that for his left hand.

If the injury causes no decrease in his value, or instead makes him more attractive, then no blood-money is due.

An example of no decrease in value is where someone inflicts a mūḍiḥah wound—a wound exposing the bone—upon him, but it heals without leaving any trace and does not lessen his value; in that case, he owes no blood-money. As for an injury that makes him more attractive, this would be like a slave who has an extra finger: removing it increases his attractiveness and beauty.

In this issue, the position of the school agrees with the author’s view on the condition that the injury has no stipulated compensation in the case of a free person. If it does have a stipulated compensation for a free person, then the slave is due the corresponding proportion of the blood-money; and the blood-money for a slave is his value.

For example, the hand has a stipulated compensation for a free person, namely half the blood-money. Thus, if someone accidentally amputates the hand of a slave whose value is ten thousand, and his value after recovery has decreased by six thousand as a result of the amputation, then according to the view followed by the author, his blood-money is six thousand. According to the school, however, it is five thousand, because the hand entails half the blood-money in the case of a free person, and therefore entails half the slave’s value.

If he amputates his left hand and its loss decreases his value by only four thousand, then according to the view followed by the author, four thousand is due for it; whereas according to the school, five thousand is due, because it is half the blood-money. Apply this principle accordingly.

Another example: this slave is worth ten thousand dirhams, and someone amputates his thumb, reducing his value by two thousand dirhams. According to the view followed by the author, the blood-money for this slave is two thousand dirhams.

اليد عشرة آلاف ريال، وبعد قطع يده صار يساوي ألفي ريال فقط، فتكون دية يده اليمنى ثمانية آلاف، لكن لو قطعت يده اليسرى لكان يساوي بعد قطعها ستة آلاف، فهنا تكون دية يده اليسرى أربعة آلاف، فتختلف دية يده اليمنى عن دية يده اليسرى. فإن لم ينقصه شيئاً أو زادته حسناً فلا دية. وعدم نقصان قيمته مثل أن يجرحه بموضحة فبرئت ولم يكن لها أثر، ولم تُنقِص قيمته فلا دية عليه، وأما إن زادته حسناً فكأن يكون للعبد إصبع زائدة، فهذه إذا زالت تزيده حسناً وجمالاً. فالمذهب في هذه المسألة يوافق قول المؤلف بشرط ألاَّ يكون فيه مقدَّر من حُرٍّ، فإن كان فيه مقدَّر من حر ففيه نسبته من الدية، ودية القن قيمته. مثاله: اليد فيها مقدر من الحر وهو نصف الدية، فهذا رجل قطع يد قن خطأ، وقيمته عشرة آلاف، ونقص بقطع يده بعد البرء ستة آلاف، فديته على ما مشى عليه المؤلف ستة آلاف، ولكن على المذهب ديته خمسة آلاف؛ لأن اليد فيها في الحر نصف الدية فتكون في العبد نصف القيمة. ولو قطع يده اليسرى ونقص أربعة آلاف فقط، ففيها على ما مشى عليه المؤلف أربعة آلاف، وعلى المذهب خمسة آلاف؛ لأنها نصف الدية، وعلى هذا فقس. مثال آخر: هذا العبد يساوي عشرة آلاف درهم، فقطع أصبعه الإبهام، فنقص ألفي درهم، فدية هذا العبد على ما مشى عليه المؤلف ألفا درهم.