Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (14/132)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

while below one-third, she and a man are equal. This is the well-known position in the Hanbali school, though the issue is one of scholarly disagreement.

Accordingly, if a person cuts off one of a woman’s fingers, ten camels are due; if he cuts off two fingers, twenty camels are due; if he cuts off three, thirty camels are due; but if he cuts off four, only twenty camels are due. Glory be to Allah! When the calamity becomes greater, the blood-money becomes less.

Thus, if a man cut off three of a woman’s fingers and was told, “You owe thirty camels; but had you cut off four, you would owe only twenty,” and he then went and cut off the fourth finger, we would say to him: “We shall cut off your corresponding finger in retaliation, because you deliberately cut off her finger; and thirty camels shall be taken from you.” Thus, his stratagem has harmed him, in addition to the sin he has incurred.

Thus, a woman’s blood-money is half that of a man, except in cases below one-third, in which they are equal. It was also said that they are equal in all cases, and it was said that her blood-money is always half. I have not fully investigated this issue.

“The blood-money for a slave is his value; and for his injuries, the amount by which his value is diminished after recovery is due. For a fetus, whether male or female, one-tenth of its mother’s blood-money is due: a ghurrah, ………”

His statement, “The blood-money for a slave is his value,” means that a slave is an owned servant who may be bought and sold, and is called a bondsman. Therefore, the blood-money for a slave is his value, however high it may be. Accordingly, blood-money differs among slaves.

If someone killed a young, strong, learned slave who was a skilled craftsman in every field, his value would be extremely high—indeed, equal to or greater than the blood-money for a free person. But if he killed an elderly slave who was blind in both eyes and paralysed, his blood-money would be very low.

Thus, what is taken into consideration is his value, because a slave is like that which is bought, sold, and appraised. The evidence for this is the numerous reports in the sunnah concerning the sale of slaves. This Barīrah ﵂ entered into a contract of manumission with her owners for nine uqiyyahs of

وهذا هو المشهور من مذهب الحنابلة، والمسألة خلافية. وعلى هذا فإذا قطع الإنسان أصبع امرأة ففيه عَشْرٌ من الإبل، وإن قطع أصبعين ففيه عشرون من الإبل، وإن قطع ثلاثة ففيها ثلاثون من الإبل، وإن قطع أربعة ففيها عشرون من الإبل، سبحان الله! لما عظمت المصيبة قلَّت الدية. فلو أن رجلاً قطع ثلاثة أصابع من امرأة، فقالوا له: عليك ثلاثون بعيراً، ولو قطعت أربعاً لم يكن عليك إلاَّ عشرون فذهب وقطع الإصبع الرابع، فهنا نقول له: سنقطع أصبعك المماثل؛ قصاصاً؛ لأنك قطعت إصبعها عمداً، وتؤخذ منك ثلاثون بعيراً، فهنا حيلته ضَرَّتَهُ، مع ما وقع فيه من الإثم. إذاً المرأة على النصف من دية الرجل، إلاَّ فيما دون الثلث فإنهما يتساويان، وقيل: هما سواء مطلقاً، وقيل: هي على النصف مطلقاً، وهذه المسألة لم أحرِّرها تماماً. وَدِيَةُ قِنٍّ قِيمَتُهُ، وَفِي جِرَاحِهِ مَا نَقَصَهُ بَعْدَ البُرْءِ، وَيَجِبُ فِي الْجَنِينِ ذَكَراً كَانَ أَوْ أُنْثَى عُشْرُ دِيَةِ أُمِّهِ غُرَّةٌ، ......... قوله: «ودية قِن قيمته» القن هو العبد المملوك الذي يباع ويشترى، ويُسمَّى رقيقاً، فدية القن قيمته بالغةً ما بلغت، وعلى هذا فتختلف الدية في الأرقاء. فلو أن أحداً قتل رقيقاً شاباً قوياً عالماً صناعياً ماهراً في كل الميادين، فهذا قيمته غالية جداً، بل يكون كدية الحر أو أكثر، ولو قتل قناً كبيراً أعمى العينين أشَل، فهذا ديته قليلة جداً. إذاً فالمعتبر القيمة؛ لأن العبد بمنزلة ما يباع ويشترى ويُقوَّم، والدليل على ذلك ما تضافرت به السنة من بيع الرقيق، فهذه بريرة ﵂ كاتبت أهلها على تسع أواقٍ من