His statement: “Retaliation is not carried out for other head wounds and bodily wounds, apart from the breaking of a tooth.” Head wounds are a category of wounds, while “bodily wounds” here refers to wounds other than head wounds. A head wound is specifically a wound to the head or face: a wound to the forehead or the head is called a head wound, whereas one to the neck is called a bodily wound.

His statement: “other head wounds”: it will come, Allah willing, that the Arabs classify head wounds into ten types. No retaliation whatsoever is carried out for wounds less severe than a mūḍiḥah wound, such as a dāmiyah or bāḍiʿah wound. As for wounds more severe than a mūḍiḥah, the author says:

“unless the injury is more serious than a mūḍiḥah wound—such as a hāshimah, a munqilah, or a maʾmūmah wound. In that case, he may exact retaliation equivalent to a mūḍiḥah wound, and he is entitled to financial compensation for the additional injury.”

A hāshimah wound is one that exposes the bone and fractures it; no retaliation is carried out for it.

A munqilah wound is one that exposes the bone, fractures it, and displaces it; no retaliation is carried out for it.

A maʾmūmah wound is one that reaches the membrane surrounding the brain: he is struck, the wound is inflicted, the bone is exposed, fractured, and displaced, and the brain is exposed. No retaliation is carried out against the offender for this, because retaliation for a maʾmūmah wound cannot be exacted without exceeding what is due.

His statement: “apart from the breaking of a tooth.” If he breaks a tooth, retaliation is carried out against him by filing it down with a file until retaliation is duly achieved, and the retaliation is