Question: Is it permissible to anesthetize the offender so that he does not feel pain? No, it is not permissible, because if we anesthetized him, retribution would not be fully carried out. Rather, retribution is exacted from him without anesthesia. But if it is a prescribed punishment due to Allah—such as theft, or the cross-amputation of hands and feet for highway robbers—then it is permissible to anesthetize him, because the aim is to destroy that limb, not to torture him.
If we cut off the thief’s hand, is it permissible to reattach it afterward?
It is not permissible, because the aim is not merely to cause pain; rather, the aim is to destroy the limb by which the theft was committed. Otherwise, if the aim were simply to inflict pain upon the offender, we could seize him and beat his hand until he suffered pain—and that would be preferable to amputation. But when we consider the objectives of the Sacred Law, we find that the aim is to destroy the limb and leave the offender as a public warning among people, as Allah, Exalted is He, says concerning the Sabbath-breakers:
“We made it a deterrent punishment for those before it and those after it, and an admonition for the God-fearing.” [al-Baqarah: 66]
The jurists, may Allah Most High have mercy on them, have said: if a person’s ear is cut off and then reattached while it is still warm, it may adhere again. The same applies to a wound: if you are cut with a knife or something else, reattach it quickly and press it firmly; it will then heal and the bleeding will stop. But this is conditional upon doing so while the blood is still warm; do not leave it until it becomes cold.
The second: correspondence in name and location, ......................
His statement, “The second: correspondence in name and location,” means: the second of the conditions for retribution involving a limb is that it be a hand for a hand—this is correspondence in name—and that its location correspond as well, such as a right hand for a right hand.
Likewise, a little finger for a little finger is correspondence in name, while a right hand for a right hand is correspondence in location.