large enough to kill in most cases, it is deliberate killing. But if it is of a low voltage that does not generally kill, then it is not deliberate killing. A low voltage is like 110, while a high voltage is like 220 or 300, and the like.
“Or he causes a wall to fall upon him, or throws him from a high place, or into a fire, or into water in which he will drown and from which he cannot escape; or he suffocates him, or confines him and withholds food or drink from him, so that he dies as a result within a period in which one would generally die.” .....................
His statement, “or he causes a wall to fall upon him”: for example, he says to him, “Sit beneath this wall and take shade under it.” When he comes and sits down, the other goes behind the wall and brings it down upon him. This is deliberate killing, because it generally kills.
If he causes a roof to fall upon him, then the matter must be considered: if it is a roof that generally kills, it is deliberate killing; but if it is not something that generally kills, then it is not deliberate killing.
His statement, “or throws him from a high place,” meaning, from an elevated place: for example, two people climb a minaret, and one says to the other, “Come and look at the ground: is it near or far?” Then, when the other looks, he pushes him and throws him to the ground. This is deliberate killing. If he says, “I did not know that he would die,” we say: this is something that generally kills. If he throws him from an even greater height, then it is, a fortiori, deliberate killing. They say that if a cat falls from a low place, it dies, whereas if it falls from a high place, it does not die; but a human being is unlike a cat.
Al-Rawd (1) states: “The third of these cases is that he throws him into a lion’s den or the like.” A lion’s den is the place to which it retreats. Thus, if someone throws a person into a lion’s den and the lion eats him, this is deliberate killing.
If the one who threw him into the den says, “Is it not the case that when an indirect cause and a direct perpetrator are combined, liability rests upon the direct perpetrator?” The answer is yes, but when it becomes impossible