Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

obligatory. Thus, the conditions are five. The condition that they be a group may also be understood from the word “men.”

The inhabitants of a town who abandon both of them are to be fought, …

His statement, “The inhabitants of a town who abandon both of them are to be fought”: it is the imam who fights them until they give the adhān. This is a disciplinary measure intended to uphold this obligation; it does not make their blood lawful. Therefore, those of them who flee are not pursued, their wounded are not finished off, their property is not taken as spoils, and their offspring are not taken captive, for they are Muslims. They are fought only as a disciplinary measure.

The evidence for this is that the adhān and iqāmah are signs of Muslim lands. Whenever the Prophet ﷺ set out to raid a people, he would wait until the time for prayer came. If he heard an adhān, he would refrain; otherwise, he would fight them (1). Thus, they are among the manifest rites of Islam.

His statement, “abandon both of them,” may mean that they abandon them both, or that they abandon one of them. If they abandon both, or abandon the adhān, then fighting them is plainly warranted, because the adhān is among the manifest signs. If they abandon the iqāmah, it is possible that they are to be fought, because it too is a manifest sign; however, it is not like the adhān, due to the Prophet’s ﷺ statement:

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of the Adhan, chapter: “How the adhan protects lives,” no. 610; and Muslim, Book of Prayer, chapter: “Refraining from raiding a people in the land of disbelief when the adhan is heard among them,” no. 382, on the authority of Anas ibn Malik.
بواجب. فأصبحت الشروط خمسة. وقد يُفهم اشتراط كونهم «جماعة» من كلمة «رجال». يُقَاتَلُ أَهْلُ بَلَدٍ تَرَكُوْهُمَا، ............. قوله: «يُقَاتَلُ أَهْلُ بَلَدٍ تَرَكُوْهُمَا»، والذي يِقاتِلهم الإمام إلى أنْ يُؤذِّنُوا، وهذا من باب التعزير لإقامة هذا الفرض، وليس من باب استباحة دمائهم، ولهذا لا يُتْبَع مُدْبِرُهم، ولا يُجْهَزُ على جَريحِهم، ولا يُغْنَمُ لهم مالٌ، ولا تُسْبَى لهم ذُرِّيَّة؛ لأنَّهم مسلمون، وإنما قُوتلوا تعزيراً، ودليل ذلك: أنَّ الأذان والإقامة هما علامة بلاد الإسلام، فقد كان النبيُّ ﷺ إذا غزا قوماً أمسك حتى يأتيَ الوقتُ، فإن سمعَ أذاناً كَفَّ، وإلا قاتلهم (١). فهما من شعائر الإسلام الظَّاهرة. وقوله: «تركُوهُمَا»، يحتمل تركوهما جميعاً، أو تركوا واحداً منهما. فإن تركوهما أو تركوا الأذان فقتالهم ظاهر؛ لأن الأذان من العلامات الظَّاهرة، وإن تركوا الإقامة يحتمل أن يقاتلوا؛ لأنَّها علامة ظاهرة، لكنَّها ليست كالأذان؛ لقوله ﷺ:
(١) رواه البخاري، كتاب الأذان: باب ما يُحقن بالأذان من الدماء، رقم (٦١٠)، ومسلم، كتاب الصلاة: باب الإمساك عن الإغارة على قوم في دار الكفر إذا سُمع فيهم الأذان، رقم (٣٨٢) من حديث أنس بن مالك.

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