Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

But if they do not coincide—suppose that she delivers before four months and ten days have elapsed—then, if we consider the verse in al-Baqarah, we would say that her waiting period has not ended, for Allah says: “They shall wait by themselves for four months and ten days.” [2:234] But if we consider the verse in al-Talaq, we would say that it has ended. Thus, it is not possible to apply both verses together except by saying that she must wait for four months and ten days.

Likewise, if four months and ten days have passed but she has not delivered the pregnancy, and two months of the pregnancy remain, then, if we consider the verse in al-Baqarah, we would say that her waiting period has ended; but if we consider the verse in al-Talaq, we would say that it has not ended, because she has not yet delivered. She must therefore remain in waiting until she gives birth. For this reason, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Abdullah ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, held that she must observe whichever of the two terms is longer. Their proof is clear, since the two verses cannot both be applied except in this way.

However, the sunnah of the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, rejects this. Subay'ah al-Aslamiyyah, may Allah be pleased with her, lost her husband and gave birth only a few nights later. She wished to marry, and so she began adorning herself for suitors. Abu al-Sanabil ibn Ba'kak, may Allah be pleased with him, passed by her and said: “Why are you adorning yourself for suitors? You cannot do so until four months and ten days have elapsed for you”—adopting the view that she must observe whichever of the two terms is longer, and this is the view that appears rational. But she wrapped her garments around herself and went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and asked him. He said: “Abu al-Sanabil has lied”—meaning that he was mistaken, for “lying” may be used to mean making an error. The Prophet then permitted her to marry.

This authentic hadith, recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim (1), proves that the general import of the verse in al-Talaq takes precedence over the general import of the verse in al-Baqarah, and that delivery of the pregnancy is the determining factor,

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, “Chapter on the Virtue of Those Who Witnessed Badr” (3991), and by Muslim in al-Talaq, “Chapter on the Expiry of the Waiting Period of a Woman Whose Husband Has Died” (1484). The wording, “Abu al-Sanabil lied,” was reported by al-Shafi'i (1/244), Ahmad (1/447), Abd al-Razzaq (11723), and Sa'id ibn Mansur (1/395).
وإذا لم يحصل اتفاق، ولنفرض أنها وضعت قبل أربعة أشهر وعشر، إن نظرنا إلى آية البقرة قلنا: ما تنقضي العدة؛ لأن الله يقول: ﴿يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا﴾، وإن نظرنا إلى آية الطلاق قلنا: تنقضي، فما يمكن أن نعمل بهما جميعاً حتى نقول: تنتظر أربعة أشهر وعشراً. وكذلك لو مضى عليها أربعة أشهر وعشر ولم تضع الحمل، والحمل بقي عليه شهران، فإن نظرنا إلى آية البقرة قلنا: انقضت العدة، وإن نظرنا إلى آية الطلاق قلنا: لم تنقضِ؛ لأنها ما وضعت، إذاً فتبقى حتى تضع، ولهذا ذهب علي بن أبي طالب وعبد الله بن عباس ﵃ إلى أنها تعتد بأطول الأجلين، وحجتهما ظاهرة؛ لأنه ما يمكن العمل بالآيتين إلا هكذا. ولكن سنة الرسول ﵊ تأبى ذلك، فإن سبيعة الأسلمية ﵂ مات عنها زوجها ونفست بعده بليالٍ معدودة، فأرادت أن تتزوج، فجعلت تتجمل للخُطَّاب، فمر بها أبو السنابل بن بعكك ﵁ فقال: ما لك تتجملين للخُطَّاب؟! لا يمكن أن تفعلي حتى يتم لك أربعة أشهر وعشر، أخذاً بأطول الأجلين، وهذا هو المعقول، لكنها شدت عليها ثيابها ومشت إلى الرسول ﷺ وسألته، فقال: «كذب أبو السنابل» ـ يعني أنه أخطأ، فالكذب يراد به الخطأ ـ ثم أذن لها أن تتزوج، ففي هذا الحديث الثابت في الصحيحين (١) دليل على أن عموم آية الطلاق مقدم على عموم آية البقرة، ويكون المعتبر وضع الحمل،
(١) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي/ باب فضل من شهد بدراً (٣٩٩١)، ومسلم في الطلاق/ باب انقضاء عدة المتوفى عنها زوجها … (١٤٨٤)، وقوله: «كذب أبو السنابل»، أخرجه الشافعي (١/ ٢٤٤)، وأحمد (١/ ٤٤٧)، وعبد الرزاق (١١٧٢٣)، وسعيد بن منصور (١/ ٣٩٥).

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