Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

[al-Ma'idah 5:58]. This is general, whereas His statement, “When the call is made for prayer on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah” [al-Jumu'ah 62:9], is specific.

As for the iqāmah: linguistically, it is the verbal noun of aqāma (to establish); one says aqāma al-shay'a when he makes something upright.

In Islamic law, it means worshipping Allah by means of a prescribed remembrance upon standing to begin the prayer. The difference between it and the adhān is that the adhān announces the prayer so that people may prepare for it, whereas the iqāmah announces the commencement of the prayer and the entry into its consecrated state. They also differ in their wording.

Issue: The scholars differed as to which is superior: the adhān, the iqāmah, or leading the prayer (1).

The sound view is that the adhān is superior, due to the hadiths establishing its virtue (2).

But if someone were to say: Leading the prayer has been linked to legal qualifications, such as: “The one most versed in the Book of Allah should lead the people in prayer” (3); and it is known that the one most versed is superior. Does associating it with him not indicate that leading the prayer is superior?

(1) See al-Mughni, 2:54; al-Ikhtiyarat, p. 36; and al-Insaf, 3:43. (2) Such as the hadith of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, in which the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “If people knew the reward of the adhan and the first row, and could find no way to attain them except by drawing lots, they would draw lots for them...” Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of the Adhan, chapter: “Drawing Lots for the Adhan,” no. 615; and by Muslim, Book of Prayer, chapter: “Straightening the Rows,” no. 437. Also see the hadith of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan in Muslim, Book of Prayer, chapter: “The Merit of the Adhan,” no. 387. (3) Narrated by Muslim, Book of Mosques, chapter: “Who Is Most Entitled to Lead the Prayer,” no. 673, on the authority of Abu Masud al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him.
[المائدة: ٥٨] وهذا عام، وقوله: ﴿إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجمعة: ٩]، وهذا خاص. أما الإقامة: فإنها في اللُّغَةِ مصدرُ أقام، من أقام الشيءَ إذا جعله مستقيماً. أما في الشَّرع: فهي التعبُّد لله بذكرٍ مخصوص عند القيام للصَّلاة. والفرق بينها وبين الأذان: أن الأذان إعلام بالصلاة للتهيُّؤ لها والإقامة إعلامٌ للدُّخول فيها والإحرام بها، وكذلك في الصِّفة يختلفان. مسألة: واختلف العلماء أيُّها أفضل، الأذان، أم الإقامة، أم الإمامة (١)؟ والصَّحيح: أنَّ الأفضل الأذان؛ لورود الأحاديثِ الدَّالة على فضله (٢). ولكن إذا قال قائل: الإمامة رُبطتْ بأوصاف شرعيَّة مثل: «يؤمُّ القوم أقرؤهم لكتاب الله» (٣)، ومعلومٌ أن الأقرأ أفضل؛ فَقَرْنُها به يدلُّ على أفضليتها؟
(١) انظر: «المغني» (٢/ ٥٤)، «الاختيارات» ص (٣٦)، «الإنصاف» (٣/ ٤٣). (٢) كحديث أبي هريرة ﵁ أن النبي ﷺ قال: «لو يعلم الناس ما في النداء والصف الأول ثم لم يجدوا إلا أن يستهموا عليه لاستهموا عليه … »، أخرجه البخاري في كتاب الأذان: باب الاستهام في الأذان رقم (٦١٥)، ومسلم في كتاب الصلاة: باب تسوية الصفوف رقم (٤٣٧) وحديث معاوية بن أبي سفيان عند مسلم، كتاب الصلاة: باب فضل الأذان، رقم (٣٨٧). (٣) رواه مسلم، كتاب المساجد: باب من أحق بالإمامة رقم (٦٧٣)، عن أبي مسعود الأنصاري ﵁.

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