Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

issue, their view is exceedingly far removed from reason. How can she be his marital bed when he is in the East and she is in the West, and we know that neither she travelled nor he travelled? Where, then, is the marital bed?!

The child of an owned slave woman is ascribed to her owner, as will come. Likewise, the child of a woman with whom intercourse was had under a mistaken presumption is ascribed to the man, whether the mistaken presumption concerns his belief or the marriage contract.

A mistaken presumption in belief is when he thinks that she is his wife. A mistaken presumption regarding the contract is when he enters into a defective or invalid marriage contract with her while believing it to be valid.

For example, a man marries a woman and has children by her, then it is established that she was his foster-sister. What is the ruling concerning the children? The children are his. Here, the mistaken presumption concerns the contract, because they believed the contract to be valid, whereas it was invalid.

Another example: a man marries a woman whose father conducts the marriage contract for her, and one of the witnesses is her brother, and she bears him children. The contract is defective, but the children are his, because he believes it to be valid and does not know that a brother may not serve as a witness to his sister’s marriage when her father is the contracting guardian. For if the father is the contracting guardian, and one of the two witnesses is one of her brothers and the other is her paternal uncle, then the contract is invalid according to the school, because they say that the two witnesses must not be ascendants or descendants of the husband, the wife, or the guardian.

This view is not correct, but we take precautions and exercise due care, because we fear that, should a dispute arise between them and they take the matter to court—and the courts rule according to the school—they will invalidate the marriage and everything consequent upon it. Therefore, although I believe this view to be weak, I nevertheless exercise caution.

المسألة قولهم بعيد جداً، كيف تكون فراشاً له، وهو في المشرق، وهي في المغرب، ونعلم أنها ما سافرت ولا سافر، أين الفراش؟! والأمة المملوكة يلحقه ولدها كما سيأتي، والموطوءة بشبهة، سواء كانت الشبهة شبهة اعتقاد أو شبهة عقد ـ أيضاً ـ يلحقه ولدها. والموطوءة بشبهة اعتقاد أن يظنها زوجته، وبشبهة عقد أن يعقد عليها عقداً فاسداً، أو باطلاً ويظنه صحيحاً. مثاله: تزوج امرأة وأتت منه بأولاد، ثم ثبت أنها أخته من الرضاع، فما حكم الأولاد؟ الأولاد له، والشبهة هنا شبهة عقد؛ لأنهم ظنوا أن العقد صحيح، وهو باطل. مثال آخر: تزوج امرأة عقد له عليها أبوها، وكان أحد الشهود أخاها، وأتت بأولاد، فالعقد فاسد لكن الأولاد له؛ لأنه يعتقد صحته، ولا يعرف أن الأخ لا يكون شاهداً على نكاح أخته إذا كان العاقد هو الأب؛ لأنه إذا كان الأب هو العاقد، والشاهدان أحدهما أحد الإخوة، والآخر عمها، فلا يصح العقد على المذهب؛ لأنهم يقولون: لا بد أن يكون الشاهدان ليسا من أصول الزوج ولا من فروعه، ولا من أصول الزوجة ولا من فروعها، ولا من أصول الولي ولا من فروعه. وهذا القول ليس بصحيح، لكن نحن نحتاط ونتحرى؛ لأنا نخشى لو حصل خلاف بينهم وترافعوا للمحاكم ـ وهم يحكمون بالمذهب ـ فيفسدون النكاح وكل ما يترتب عليه، ولهذا مع اعتقادي أن هذا القول ضعيف فأنا أتحرز.

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