wind, and slept. These are five things requiring ablution, yet only one ablution is required of him. They therefore say: so long as the obligation incurred by these things is one, multiplicity of causes carries no weight.

On the basis of this principle, according to the madhhab, a man who pronounces ẓihār upon his wives in separate statements without having made expiation is required to make only one expiation. Yet in this issue they departed from the principle, maintaining that if he pronounces ẓihār upon his wives in separate statements, he must make an expiation for each wife, according to their number.

In summary: if he pronounces ẓihār upon one wife and repeats the ẓihār, there are details to consider. If he makes expiation, the expiation becomes multiple; but if he does not make expiation, then only one is required. If he pronounces ẓihār upon his wives, then, if it is done with a single expression, only one expiation is required; whereas if it is done with separate expressions, then separate expiations are required.