His statement, “a free woman”: this is because the waiting period of a free woman is three menstrual cycles, whereas that of a slave woman is two cycles—that is, if she claims that it ended through menstruation.
His statement, “in less than twenty-nine days and a moment, her claim is not heard”: this is because it cannot possibly end in less than twenty-nine days and a moment.
His statement, “her claim is not heard,” means that the judge dismisses it outright and does not wait, or tell her, “Produce evidence,” or anything of the sort. But is her claim accepted?
We say: every claim that is not heard is not accepted, but not every claim that is not accepted is not heard. A claim may be heard but not accepted. Thus, if she claims that her waiting period ended in thirty days, her claim is heard but not accepted, because it is only rarely possible for her to menstruate three times within such a short period. Therefore, if she makes such a claim, it is contrary to what is normally expected and is not accepted except with evidence.
For this reason, it is mentioned that a case was brought before Shurayh—the well-known judge—concerning a woman who claimed that her waiting period had ended in thirty days. He said: “If she brings testimony from the close female associates of her household, whose religious commitment, character, or trustworthiness is deemed sound, then her claim is accepted; otherwise, it is not.” Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Qālūn” (good, in Roman speech). The jurists therefore adopted this view and said: if she claims it in a period within which its ending is rare, she must produce evidence; otherwise, her claim is not accepted. Thus, she has three situations: