Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (13/158)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

Chapter

If a person swears that he will not enter a house, or will not leave it, and then puts part of his body inside or outside; or if he stands entirely beneath the doorway; or if he swears that he will not wear a garment made from her spun yarn, then wears a garment containing some of it; or if he swears that he will not drink the water in this vessel, then drinks some of it—he has not broken his oath. But if he does what he swore not to do out of forgetfulness or ignorance, he has broken his oath only in matters of divorce and manumission. …………….

His statement, “If a person swears that he will not enter a house, or will not leave it, and then puts part of his body inside or outside”: he has not broken his oath. For example, if he says, “By Allah, I will not enter this house,” then puts part of his body inside, such as his head—that is, he bends his back until his head enters through the door—he has not broken his oath, because he has not entered. Likewise, if he says, “By Allah, I will not leave this house,” and then puts part of his body outside, he has not broken his oath, because he has not left. This is the reasoning; as for the evidence, it is authentically established that the Prophet ﷺ would extend his head to Aishah while he was in retreat and she was in her chamber, and she would comb his hair (1). One observing spiritual retreat is prohibited from leaving the mosque, which indicates that putting part of one’s body outside does not constitute leaving.

His statement, “or if he stands entirely beneath the doorway”: he has entered completely, but remains beneath the doorway; he has not broken his oath, whether in entering or leaving, because he has not separated from the place. The determining factor is customary usage. This is a state between two states: he has neither left nor entered.

His statement, “or if he swears that he will not wear a garment made from her spun yarn, then wears a garment containing some of it”: if he swears that he will not wear a garment made from her spun yarn, then wears a garment containing some of her spun yarn, he has not

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Menstruation, chapter: “A Menstruating Woman Washing and Combing Her Husband’s Hair” (295); and Muslim, Book of Purification, chapter: “The Permissibility of a Menstruating Woman Washing and Combing Her Husband’s Hair” (297), on the authority of Aishah.

فَصْلٌ وَإِنْ حَلَفَ لَا يَدْخُلُ دَاراً أَوْ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنهَا فَأَدْخَلَ أَوْ أَخْرَجَ بَعْضَ جَسَدِهِ، أَوْ دَخَلَ طَاقَ البَابِ، أَوْ لَا يَلْبَسُ ثَوْباً مِنْ غَزْلِهَا فَلَبِسَ ثَوْباً فِيهِ مِنْهُ، أَوْ لَا يَشْرَبُ مَاءَ هذَا الإِنَاءِ فَشَرِبَ بَعْضَهُ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ، وَإِنْ فَعَلَ المَحْلُوفَ عَلَيْهِ نَاسِياً أَوْ جَاهِلاً حَنِثَ فِي طَلَاقٍ وَعِتَاقٍ فَقَطْ، .................. قوله: «وإن حلف لا يدخل داراً أو لا يخرج منها فأدخل أو أخرج بعض جسده» فإنه لا يحنث، مثاله: قال: والله لا أدخل هذه الدار، فأدخل بعض جسده، مثل رأسه، يعني انحنى بظهره حتى دخل رأسه من الباب فإنه لا يحنث؛ لأنه ما دخل، وكذلك لو قال: والله لا أخرج من هذا البيت ثم أخرج بعض جسده لم يحنث؛ لأنه لم يخرج، هذا التعليل، أما الدليل فلأنه ثبت عن النبي ﷺ أنه كان يُخرِج رأسه إلى عائشة ﵂ وهو معتكف، وهي في حجرتها فترجِّله (١)، والمعتكف ممنوع من الخروج من المسجد، فدل هذا على أن إخراج بعض الجسد لا يكون إخراجاً. قوله: «أو دخل طاق الباب» دخل كله لكن تحت طاق الباب، فإنه لا يحنث، سواء بدخول أو بخروج؛ لأنه ما انفصل من المكان، والعبرة بالعرف، وهذا في منزلة بين المنزلتين، فهو لم يخرج ولم يدخل. قوله: «أو لا يلبس ثوباً من غزلها فلبس ثوباً فيه منه» فإذا حلف لا يلبس ثوباً من غزلها، فلبس ثوباً فيه من غزلها فإنه لا

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الحيض/ باب غسل الحائض رأس زوجها وترجيله (٢٩٥)، ومسلم في الطهارة/ باب جواز غسل الحائض رأس زوجها وترجيله … (٢٩٧) عن عائشة ﵂.