Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (13/84)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

bring a case against him, because if she did, it would lead to their separation. But if she knows him to be a man who does not care and pays no attention to such matters, whose chief concern is only that his wife return to him, then she must bring a case against him. If she is uncertain, then it is preferable not to bring a case against him.

“If he says, ‘Your matter is in your hand,’ she has authority over three divorces, even if he intended only one. This authority remains deferred unless he has intercourse with her, divorces her, or the marriage is annulled,” …

His statement, “If he says, ‘Your matter is in your hand’”: a man says to his wife, “Your matter is in your hand.” Here, “matter” means affair; it is a singular noun in a possessive construction and therefore conveys generality. Thus, all her affairs are in her hand, including the right to divorce herself three times, because this is among her affairs. This differs from his saying to his wife, “I appoint you as my agent to divorce yourself.” If he appoints her as his agent, she has authority only over one divorce; but if he says, “Your matter is in your hand,” she has four options: she may choose nothing; she may divorce herself once; she may divorce herself twice; or she may divorce herself three times. Hence he said, “She has authority over three, even if he intended one.”

It was also said that it is according to his intention, because his saying, “Your matter is in your hand,” constitutes agency, and agency is determined by the intention of the one appointing the agent. If it were said concerning this issue that he is to be held accountable inwardly, as in similar cases, then we would say: we have an outward wording and an inward intention. The outward wording is, “Your matter is in your hand,” whereas the intention is inward. Thus, if she does not take him before a judge, we refer back to his statement and his intention.

His statement, “This authority remains deferred”: meaning, if she wishes, she may divorce herself immediately; and if she wishes, she may divorce herself after two, three, or four days, with no requirement of immediacy. Thus, if she says in the same sitting, “I divorce myself three times,” she is divorced. Even if they separate and, after some time, she says, “I divorce myself three times,” it takes effect.

تحاكمه؛ لأنها لو حاكمته لأدى إلى التفريق بينهما، وإن علمت أنه رجل لا يبالي ولا يهتم بهذه الأمور، ليس أكبر همه إلا أن تعود زوجته إليه، فهذا يجب عليها أن تحاكمه، فإن ترددت فالأولى ألا تحاكمه. وَإِنْ قَالَ: أَمْرُكِ بِيَدِكِ مَلَكَتْ ثَلَاثاً، وَلَوْ نَوَى وَاحِدَةً، وَيَتَرَاخَى مَا لَمْ يَطَأْ أَوْ يُطَلِّقْ أَوْ يَفْسَخْ، ................................. قوله: «وإن قال: أمرك بيدك» رجل قال لزوجته: أمرك بيدك، «أمر» هنا بمعنى شأن، وهو مفرد مضاف فيكون عاماً، فيكون كل أمرها بيدها، ومن جملته أن تطلق نفسها ثلاثاً؛ لأن هذا من أمرها، وهذا من الفروق بين أن يقول لزوجته: أمرك بيدك، وبين أن يقول: وكلتك في طلاق نفسك، فإذا قال: وكلتك لم تملك إلا واحدة، وإذا قال: أمرك بيدك، مسكت أربعة خيارات، أن لا تختار شيئاً، وأن تطلق واحدة، وأن تطلق ثنتين، وأن تطلق ثلاثاً، ولهذا قال: «ملكت ثلاثاً ولو نوى واحدة». وقيل: إنه على حسب نيته؛ لأن قوله: أمرك بيدك توكيل، والوكالة على حسب نية الموكل، ولو قيل في هذه المسألة: إنه يُدَيَّنُ كغيرها من شبيهاتها، فيقال: عندنا لفظ ظاهر ونية باطنة، اللفظ الظاهر هو: أمرك بيدك، والنية الباطنة، فإذا لم ترافعه إلى الحاكم رجعنا إلى قوله وإلى نيته. قوله: «ويتراخى» يعني إن شاءت طلقت في الحال، وإن شاءت طلقت بعد يومين، أو ثلاثة، أو أربعة على التراخي، فحينئذٍ نقول: إذا قالت في المجلس: طلقت نفسي ثلاثاً طلقت، ولو تفرقوا وبعد مدة قالت: طلقت نفسي ثلاثاً يقع.