pray in his sandals? He replied: “Yes” (1)—meaning, he prayed in his sandals.
His statement, “Or if he is asked, ‘Do you have a wife?’ and he says, ‘No,’ intending to lie, then it does not take effect”: if he is asked, “Do you have a wife?” and replies, “No,” then the matter requires further detail. If he intends divorce, it takes effect; but if he intends to lie to the questioner, it does not take effect, because this is a false statement by which divorce does not occur. The preceding issue should likewise be understood in this way: if he is asked, “Have you divorced your wife?” and replies, “Yes,” it should be said that if he intends to lie, no divorce takes effect; whereas if he intends divorce, she is divorced. This is because it is an indirect expression, and divorce does not take effect through an indirect expression except with intention or a contextual indication. Accordingly, his wife is not divorced, whether he intends to lie or has no particular intention.
Thus, there are three possibilities: that he intends divorce, that he intends to lie, or that he intends nothing. If he intends divorce, divorce takes effect; but if he intends nothing, or intends to lie, then no divorce takes effect, because it is not an explicit expression.
If someone were to ask: If it is not an explicit expression, then why do you deem divorce to take effect through it? We say: because the wording can bear that meaning and he intended it. The Prophet, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Actions are only by intentions, and every person shall have what he intended” (2). So long as the wording can bear that meaning and he intends it, divorce takes effect, and there is nothing to prevent this. But if the wording cannot bear that meaning, divorce does not take effect through it, even if he intends it. For example, if he says, “You are tall,” or, “You are short,” and says, “I intended divorce,” she is not divorced, because this wording cannot possibly bear the meaning of divorce. Thus, an indirect expression is one that—