If someone were to say: Allah has permitted a threefold divorce in the Quran, for He says: “Divorce may be pronounced twice,” then He says, “And if he divorces her” [al-Baqarah 2:229–230]. The third pronouncement renders her irrevocably divorced; so what is the answer?
The answer is that the divorce mentioned by Allah is successive divorce. If we were to say that the third pronouncement does not take effect, that would not be sound. Thus, divorce is twice: he divorces her and takes her back; then divorces her and takes her back; then divorces her a third time. At that point, she is not lawful for him until after marriage to another husband. In this case, the third pronouncement is unanimously considered permissible. No scholar has said that it is forbidden; rather, they are all agreed that it is permissible and not forbidden.
His statement, “Thus, three pronouncements are forbidden,” overlooks an intermediate stage between the two: namely, two pronouncements. He explained that one pronouncement accords with the sunnah and that three are forbidden, but what is the ruling on two?
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, said that they are forbidden. The jurists said that they are disliked, not forbidden. Thus, all agree that they are prohibited, whether by a prohibition entailing dislike or one entailing unlawfulness. The stronger view is that it entails unlawfulness, because it hastens the irrevocable separation, whereas Allah has provided you with relief and a way out. Since we agree that this is an innovated form of divorce, why should it not be a prohibited innovation? The correct view, then, is that held by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him: two pronouncements are forbidden and do not take effect; only one takes effect, as will come, if Allah Most High wills.
If he pronounces divorce three times, does it take effect as three, as one, or does it not take effect at all? There are three views concerning this: two views held by Ahl al-Sunnah and one held by the Rafidah. The Rafidah said that the divorce does not take effect, because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever performs an act…”