Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (12/391)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

the house can be furnished even after consummation. The same applies if the furnishings are to come from her—that is, she wishes to bring with her household utensils and other items needed for the home—and she asks to be given time but the husband refuses: she is not to be granted time, because these things can be purchased after consummation. However, if the customary practice is for such items to accompany the woman, she is to be granted time, because there is no difference between what concerns her personally and what concerns the affairs of the household.

His statement, “A female slave must be handed over only at night,” is implied by the first qualification in his statement, “A free woman must be handed over.” Thus, a female slave must be handed over only at night, because during the day she is occupied with serving her master. Matters related to marriage are principally associated with the night rather than the day. Her master may say, “I need this slave woman during the day for the household’s work, while her husband may enjoy marital relations with her at night.” This applies unless the husband stipulates that she be handed over to him both by night and by day. If he stipulates this and the master accepts, then they are bound by their condition.

The correct view in this matter is that she must be handed over, because the husband’s right arises after the master’s right and therefore takes precedence over it. Once her master marries her off, he no longer has any right to benefit from her; the husband is her master in this respect. Otherwise, we would have to say that even a free woman who has a father and mother requiring her care need not be handed over, since the right of parents is obligatory! Rather, once a woman marries, her husband becomes her master in this respect, and she must be handed over to him, whether she is free or a slave.

However, if the master stipulates to the husband that the slave woman remain with him during the day, then the matter is according to what he stipulated, based on the hadith: “The conditions most deserving of fulfillment are those by which you made lawful private relations.” (1)

(1) Its source has been previously cited; see p. 165.

تجهيز البيت يمكن ولو بعد الدخول، ومثله ـ أيضاً ـ لو كان الجهاز منها هي، تريد أن تأتي معها بأواني البيت وما يصلحه، وطلبت أن تمهل وأبى الزوج؛ فإنها لا تمهل؛ لأن هذا يمكن شراؤه بعد الدخول، فإذا جرت العادة أن هذا يكون مصاحباً للمرأة فإنها تمهل؛ لأنه لا فرق بين ما يتعلق بذاتها، وما يتعلق بشؤون البيت. قوله: «ويجب تسليم الأمة ليلاً فقط» هذا مفهوم القيد الأول وهو قوله: «لزم تسليم الحرة»، فالأمة يجب تسليمها في الليل فقط؛ لأنها في النهار مشغولة بخدمة سيدها، وما يتعلق بالنكاح عماده الليل دون النهار، فالسيد يقول: أنا أحتاج هذه الأمة في النهار لشغل البيت، والزوج يتمتع بها بالليل، هذا ما لم يشترط الزوج أن تسلم له ليلاً ونهاراً، فإذا اشترط ذلك، وقبل السيد، فهما على شرطهما. والصحيح في هذه المسألة أنه يلزم تسليمها؛ وذلك لأن حق الزوج طارئ على حق السيد، فهو مقدم عليه، وأن سيدها متى زوجها فقد انقطعت منافعه منها، فالزوج هو السيد، وإلا لقلنا: حتى الحرة إذا كان لها أب وأم يحتاجان إلى رعاية فإنه لا يجب تسليمها؛ لأن حق الوالدين واجب!! فنقول: متى تزوجت المرأة فسيدها زوجها تسلم إليه، سواء كانت حرة أو أمة. لكن لو اشترط السيد على الزوج أن الأمة تبقى في النهار عنده فعلى ما شرط؛ لحديث: «إن أحق الشروط أن توفوا به ما استحللتم به الفروج» (١).

(١) سبق تخريجه ص (١٦٥).