The wisdom behind it is to publicize and make the marriage known, so that it may be distinguished from fornication; to feed the poor; to maintain ties with relatives and kin; and to bring about the joy that comforts the wife, her guardians, and others, along with other benefits.
It is prescribed for the husband, because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf, may Allah be pleased with him, “Hold a wedding feast,” and did not say to his in-laws, “Hold a wedding feast.” Moreover, the blessing bestowed upon the husband is greater than that bestowed upon the wife, for he is the one who seeks the woman in marriage; it is exceedingly rare for a woman to seek a man.
His statement, “with one sheep or less”: it is recommended, but in an amount not exceeding one sheep, accompanied by bread, ḥays, dates, or the like.
Some scholars said that the wedding feast is among expenditures governed by customary practice. Thus, it is recommended in the manner required by custom: the affluent person according to his means, and the one of limited means according to his means. This is conditional, however, upon its not reaching the level of boastfulness and extravagance. If it reaches the level of extravagance and boastfulness, it becomes prohibited or disliked.
His statement, “with one sheep or less”: the evidence is that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Hold a wedding feast, even if only with one sheep.” Yet the hadith does not indicate what they have said; rather, it indicates that the minimum is one sheep. This expression is not used in Arabic to indicate a maximum; rather, it is used to indicate a minimum. The correct view, therefore, is that the affluent person should hold a wedding feast, even if only with one sheep. If his wealth is considerable, he may provide two or three sheep, according to his circumstances and prevailing custom, on condition that he does not exceed the bounds into extravagance and boastfulness. Extravagance is prohibited, while boastfulness is disliked.