Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (12/288)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

the standpoint of the wording of the address; nevertheless, they deem it forbidden on another ground, namely filial disobedience, and this is among the gravest forms of filial disobedience. As for misrepresenting these scholars by claiming that they permit a person to strike his parents, this is incorrect and impermissible, because it is an accusation against them. Some people say such things merely in jest or to turn others away from their view, but this is not permissible, for they are scholars, and some among them seek the truth. Yet not everyone who seeks the truth is granted success in reaching it.

An example of an implication by contrast is the Prophet’s ﷺ statement: “On every grazing camel [zakat is due]” (1). The implication of his saying, “grazing,” is that no zakat is due on camels that are not grazing.

His statement, “Its opposite is governed by its opposite,” means that she is not entitled to the increase of an unspecified bridal gift. An unspecified bridal gift includes two matters: that which is a debt owed by the husband, and that which is undetermined from among a group of items. An undetermined item from among a group would be, for example, one sheep from a flock, one camel from a herd of camels, or one measure from a heap of food. A debt owed by the husband would be, for example, ten thousand riyals when he possesses one hundred thousand. Thus, if he earns a profit before she takes possession of the ten thousand, she has no share in that gain or profit, nor is its zakat due from her.

“And if it perishes, its loss is borne by her, unless her husband prevents her from taking possession of it, in which case he is liable for it. She may dispose of it, and its zakat is due from her, ......."

His statement, “And if it perishes,” means: before she takes possession of it.

His statement, “its loss is borne by her,” means that if the specified bridal gift perishes before she takes possession of it—for example, if he specifies a camel for her and says, “Your bridal gift is this camel,” and the camel then dies before she takes possession of it—then she bears its loss, and the husband bears no liability, because the bridal gift was specified and perished while it was her property.

(1) Reported by Ahmad, 5:2, 4; Abu Dawud, Zakat, “Chapter on the Zakat of Pasturing Livestock,” no. 1575; al-Nasai, Zakat, “Chapter on the Punishment of One Who Withholds Zakat,” 5:15. Authenticated as sound by Ibn Khuzaymah, no. 2266, and al-Hakim, 1:397; al-Dhahabi concurred. See al-Talkhis, no. 829.

جهة الخطاب، إلا أنهم يحرمونه من جهة أخرى وهي العقوق، وهذا من أعظم العقوق، وأما أن يشوَّه هؤلاء بأنهم يبيحون للإنسان أن يضرب والديه، فهذا القول غير صحيح ولا يجوز؛ لأنه تهمة لهم، وبعض الناس يأتي بمثل هذا على سبيل التندر والتنفير عن قولهم، وهذا لا يجوز؛ لأنهم علماء وبعضهم يريد الحق، ولكن ما كل من أراد الحق وفق له. ومثال مفهوم المخالفة قول ـ النبي ﷺ: «في كل سائمة إبل» (١)، فمفهوم قوله: «سائمة» أن غير السائمة ليس فيها شيء. قوله: «وضده بضده» يعني أن غير المعين ليس لها نماؤه، وغير المعين يشمل أمرين: ما كان دَيناً في الذمة، وما كان مبهماً في أشياء، فالمبهم في أشياء، مثل شاة من قطيع، أو بعير من إبل، أو قفيز من صبرة طعام، والدين في الذمة مثل عشرة آلاف ريال وله مائة ألف، فلو كسب قبل أن يقبضها العشرة، فليس لها شيء من الكسب والربح، وليس عليها زكاته. وَإِنْ تَلِفَ فَمِنْ ضَمَانِهَا، إِلاَّ أَنْ يَمْنَعَهَا زَوْجُهَا قَبْضَهُ فَيَضْمَنُهُ، وَلَهَا التَّصَرُّفُ فِيهِ، وَعَلَيْهَا زَكَاتُهُ، ....... قوله: «وإن تلف» أي: قبل القبض. قوله: «فمن ضمانها»، أي: إن تلف المعين قبل قبضها، مثل أن يعين لها بعيراً، فيقول: مهرك هذا البعير، ثم إن البعير مات قبل القبض، فالذي يضمنه هي، ولا شيء على الزوج؛ لأن المهر معين وتلف على ملكها.

(١) أخرجه أحمد (٥/ ٢، ٤)؛ وأبو داود في الزكاة/ باب في زكاة السائمة (١٥٧٥)؛ والنسائي في الزكاة/ باب عقوبة مانع الزكاة (٥/ ١٥)؛ وصححه ابن خزيمة (٢٢٦٦)؛ والحاكم (١/ ٣٩٧)، ووافقه الذهبي، انظر: التلخيص (٨٢٩).