They cited as evidence the Prophet’s saying to Umm Habibah bint Jahsh: “Refrain from prayer for the length of time that your menstruation used to keep you from it.” (1) Thus, the Prophet ﷺ referred her back to her established pattern. It is possible that she also had distinguishable blood, yet the Prophet ﷺ did not ask for further details. Since he did not seek further clarification despite the possibility that distinguishable blood was present, it is understood that she returns to her established pattern unconditionally, and that the ruling is general in scope. For one of the established principles of legal theory is: “Failure to seek further clarification where different possibilities exist is treated as indicating generality in the statement.”
Al-Shafi‘i (2)—and this is also one narration from Ahmad (3)—held that she returns to the distinguishing characteristics of the blood. They cited the following evidence:
- The Prophet ﷺ said: “Menstrual blood is black and recognizable.” (4) He said this
(1) Narrated by Muslim, Book of Menstruation, chapter: The woman experiencing istihadah (non-menstrual bleeding), her washing, and her prayer, no. 334, on the authority of Aishah.
(2) See al-Majmu Sharh al-Muhadhdhab, 2:431.
(3) See al-Insaf, 2:412.
(4) Narrated by Abu Dawud, Book of Purification, chapter: Whoever holds that when menstruation begins, she leaves off prayer, no. 286; al-Nasai, Book of Purification, chapter: The distinction between menstrual blood and istihadah, 1:123, nos. 215-216; Ibn Hibban, no. 1348; and al-Daraqutni, 1:207, among others, through Ibn Abi Adi, from Muhammad ibn Amr, from Ibn Shihab, from Urwah, from Aishah, as a marfu report attributed to the Prophet.
Al-Daraqutni said: “All of its transmitters are reliable.” Ibn Hibban authenticated it, as did al-Hakim according to Muslim’s criteria, and al-Dhahabi concurred.
Al-Nawawi said: “It is sound; Abu Dawud and al-Nasai narrated it through sound chains.” Al-Khulasah, no. 609.
I say: This is what they stated, although the hadith has been criticized on account of two significant defects:
1. Ibn Abi Adi’s chain of transmission has been reported differently. On one occasion, he narrated it as mentioned above from memory; on another, he narrated it from his book, from Muhammad ibn Amr, from Urwah, from Fatimah bint Abi Hubaysh.
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali said: “It has been said that his narration from Urwah, from Fatimah, is more sound, since this is how it appears in his book. Moreover, there is disagreement over whether Urwah heard from Fatimah.” Fath al-Bari by Ibn Rajab, 1:438.
2. Abu Hatim al-Razi said: “Muhammad ibn Amr was not corroborated in this narration, and it is munkar (rejected).” Al-Ilal, 1:50, no. 117. Al-Nasai also deemed it defective on this basis after narrating it.
See also al-Muharrar by Ibn Abd al-Hadi, no. 133; Fath al-Bari by Ibn Rajab, 1:437.