then she is an adulteress, because she has made her private parts lawful to one for whom they are not lawful. Or she may know the ruling, yet oppose it stubbornly and not accept it at all; such a woman is a polytheist, because she has legislated for herself what Allah has not legislated. This is the best explanation given for the meaning of the verse.
Accordingly, a chaste woman is not permitted to marry a fornicator. Strangely, our scholars say that a female fornicator’s marriage is not valid until she repents, whereas a male fornicator’s marriage is valid before he repents, even though the verse is one and the ruling is one. The correct view is that if a chaste woman is married to an immoral man, the marriage is invalid unless he repents. The wisdom behind this—Allah knows best—is that, in the case of the female fornicator, lineage must not become confused, for if she has not repented, there is no assurance that she will not commit fornication after marriage. As for the husband, if he is known for fornication and has not repented, he will not consider it a serious matter if his wife commits fornication, for one who practises evil comes to regard evil lightly. He would then be a dayyūth: a man who accepts sexual immorality among his family.
Anyone known to engage in sodomy—may Allah protect us—is not to be married off until it is known that he has repented. If fornication, which is an act of sexual immorality, prevents this, then sodomy, which is the supreme act of sexual immorality, does so all the more. Sodomy has been described as “the sexual immorality,” whereas fornication has been described as “an act of sexual immorality.” The difference is that the definite article attached to “sexual immorality” makes it more grave; that is, sodomy is the gravest sexual immorality, while fornication is one of the acts of sexual immorality. Lesbianism, which is sexual intercourse between one woman and another in a known manner, apparently falls under the same ruling.
His statement, “or an Arab woman to a non-Arab man”: what is meant here by a non-Arab is one who is not Arab, even if he speaks Arabic. What counts with respect to Arabness and non-Arabness is