Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

If it is asked: What is the wisdom behind forbidding one who rises from sleep to immerse his hand before washing it three times?

The answer is that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, explained the wisdom in his words: “For one of you does not know where his hand spent the night.”

If someone says: “I placed my hand in a bag, so I know that it did not touch anything impure from my body. Moreover, I went to sleep after performing a legislated cleansing, and even if it were assumed that it touched the penis or the anus, it would not become impure.”

The answer is that the jurists, may Allah have mercy on them, said: The effective cause is unknown, so acting upon this falls under the category of purely devotional observance (1).

However, the apparent meaning of the hadith is that the ruling is explained by his words: “For one of you does not know where his hand spent the night.”

Shaykh al-Islam, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioned that this explanation is like the Prophet’s explanation in his words: “When one of you awakens from sleep, let him blow his nose three times, for Satan spends the night upon the upper passages of his nose” (2). It is therefore possible that Satan may have tampered with this hand, bringing to it things harmful to a person or contaminating to the water. Thus, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade him from immersing his hand until he had washed it three times (3).

What the Shaykh, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioned is sound. Otherwise, if we were to return to the command

(1) See al-Insaf, 1:72, 75; Sharh Muntaha al-Iradat, 1:15. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of the Beginning of Creation, chapter: “The Description of Iblis and His Forces,” no. 3295; and Muslim, Book of Purification, chapter: “Using Odd Numbers in istinthar (expelling water from the nose) and istijmar (cleansing with stones),” no. 238, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah. (3) See Majmu al-Fatawa, 21:44–45.
فإن قيل: ما الحكمة في النَّهي عن غمس اليد قبل غسلها ثلاثاً لمن قام من النَّوم؟ أُجيب: أنَّ الحكمة بيَّنها النبيُّ ﷺ بقوله: «فإِنَّ أحدكم لا يدري أين باتت يدهُ». فإن قال قائل: وضعت يدي في جِراب، فأعرفُ أنها لم تمسَّ شيئاً نجساً من بدني، ثم إِنني نمت على استنجاء شرعي، ولو فُرض أنَّها مسَّت الذَّكر أو الدُّبر فإِنَّها لا تنجُس؟ فالجواب: أن الفقهاء ﵏ قالوا: إِن العلَّة غير معلومة فالعمل بذلك من باب التَّعبُّد المحض (١). لكن ظاهر الحديث أن المسألة معلَّلةٌ بقوله: «فإِن أحدكم لا يدري أين باتت يدهُ». وقد ذكر شيخ الإسلام ﵀ أن هذا التَّعليل كتعليله ﷺ بقوله: «إذا استيقظ أحدكم من منامه؛ فليستنثر ثلاث مرَّات؛ فإِن الشيطان يبيت على خياشيمه» (٢). فيمكن أن تكون هذه اليد عبث بها الشيطان، وحمل إليها أشياء مضرَّة للإنسان، أو مفسدة للماء فنهى النبيُّ ﷺ أن يغمس يده حتى يغسلها ثلاثاً (٣). وما ذكره الشيخ ﵀ وَجيهٌ، وإِلا فلو رجعنا إلى الأمر
(١) انظر: «الإِنصاف» (١/ ٧٢، ٧٥)، «شرح منتهى الإِرادات» (١/ ١٥). (٢) رواه البخاري، كتاب بدء الخلق: باب صفة إِبليس وجنوده، رقم (٣٢٩٥)، ومسلم، كتاب الطهارة: باب الإِيتار في الاستنثار والاستجمار، رقم (٢٣٨) عن أبي هريرة. (٣) انظر: «مجموع الفتاوى» (٢١/ ٤٤، ٤٥).

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