Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

whereas theirs is specific. Thus, for example, if a seven-year-old boy needs to marry and has an adult brother, his brother may marry him off because of his need. According to the madhhab, however, none may marry him off except the judge.

His words, “nor an adult woman of sound mind,” mean that the remaining guardians—even if they are the grandfather, full brother, or full paternal uncle—may not marry off an adult woman of sound mind, that is, one who has reached maturity, without her permission, whether she has been previously married or is a virgin. The authority to compel belongs to the father alone.

It is understood from the author’s words, “an adult woman of sound mind,” that they may marry off an adult insane woman. This, however, is restricted to a case of need: namely, when it is known that she is attracted to men. In that case, the guardians may marry her off without her permission in order to meet her need, since she is insane and thus incapable of giving permission.

His words, “nor a nine-year-old girl,” mean that they may not marry off a nine-year-old girl, even if she is a virgin, without her permission. In the author’s view, a girl between the age of nine and puberty is like an adult woman. The correct view, however, is that she is not, and that her permission is not considered, because she does not properly understand the interests involved in marriage.

His words, “except with the permission of both of them”: the dual pronoun refers to the adult woman of sound mind and the nine-year-old girl.

Thus, the remaining guardians may not marry off a male, nor a girl under nine in any circumstance, nor an adult woman of sound mind, nor a nine-year-old girl, except with the permission of the latter two. As for an adult insane woman, they may marry her off if she needs marriage and it is in her interest to be married, so that her character does not become corrupted.

His words, “except with the permission of both of them”: the evidence is the statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “No virgin is to be married

فمثلاً صبي له سبع سنوات، احتاج إلى الزواج، وله أخ بالغ فله أن يزوجه لحاجته، أما على المذهب فلا يزوجه إلا الحاكم. قوله: «ولا كبيرة عاقلة»، أي: لا يزوج باقي الأولياء، ولو كان الجد، أو الأخ الشقيق، أو العم الشقيق كبيرة عاقلة ـ أي: بالغة ـ إلا بإذنها، سواء كانت ثيباً أو بكراً؛ لأن الإجبار للأب فقط. وعلم من قول المؤلف: «كبيرة عاقلة» أنهم يزوجون الكبيرة المجنونة، ولكن هذا مقيدٌ بالحاجة، وذلك إذا عرفنا أنها تميل إلى الرجال، ففي هذه الحال يزوجها الأولياء بدون إذنها لدفع حاجتها؛ لأنها مجنونة فلا إذن لها. قوله: «ولا بنت تسع»، أي: لا يزوجون بنت تسع ولو بكراً إلا بإذنها، وهي ما بين التسع إلى البلوغ على رأي المؤلف، كالبالغة، والصحيح أنها ليست كذلك، وأن إذنها غير معتبر؛ وذلك لأنها لا تفهم مصالح النكاح كما ينبغي. قوله: «إلا بإذنهما» الضمير المثنى يعود على الكبيرة العاقلة وبنت التسع. فصار بقية الأولياء لا يزوجون ذكراً، ولا صغيرة دون تسع بأي حال من الأحوال، ولا كبيرة عاقلة، ولا بنت تسع إلا بإذنهما، وأما الكبيرة المجنونة فيزوجونها إذا احتاجت إلى النكاح، وكان من مصلحتها أن تزوج؛ حتى لا تفسد أخلاقها. وقوله: «إلا بإذنهما»، الدليل قول النبي ﷺ: «لا تنكح

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