Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (12/24)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

your marriage, or, “Marry yourself to me,” or he says to her guardian, “Marry your daughter to me,” and the like.

His statement, “to a woman observing her waiting period,” means one who is observing the waiting period owed to another man, such as a woman whose husband has died, one observing the waiting period after a revocable divorce, or one observing it after an irrevocable divorce. Thus, an explicit proposal to a woman observing her waiting period is never permissible.

His statement, “following a death,” refers to a woman whose husband has died and who is therefore observing a waiting period. No one may explicitly propose marriage to her during that period. The evidence is Allah’s saying:

“There is no blame upon you for hinting at a proposal of marriage to women.” [al-Baqarah 2:235]

Thus, the implication of His saying, “There is no blame upon you for hinting at a proposal of marriage to women,” is that there is blame upon you if you make an explicit proposal.

His statement, “or to a woman irrevocably divorced,” refers to a woman whom her husband separated from during his lifetime by an irrevocable separation, such that he cannot take her back. This may be a woman divorced for the third and final time; a woman divorced in exchange for compensation; or a woman whose marriage was annulled rather than ended by divorce. For example, she may discover a defect in her husband and annul the marriage, or he may discover a defect in her and annul the marriage.

This is the irrevocably separated woman, who has become separated from her husband such that he has no right to take her back. It is therefore impermissible to explicitly propose marriage to her.

But not by indirect allusion, ………

His statement, “but not by indirect allusion,” means that explicit proposals are prohibited, whereas indirect allusion is permissible. The evidence is Allah’s saying:

“There is no blame upon you for hinting at a proposal of marriage to women or for concealing it within yourselves.” [al-Baqarah 2:235]

The explicit purport of the verse negates blame for an indirect allusion, while its implied meaning establishes blame for an explicit proposal.

An indirect allusion is, for example, that he indicates to her his desire to propose marriage, and this is permissible.

زواجك، أو زوجيني نفسك، أو يقول للولي: زوِّجني ابنتك، أو ما أشبه ذلك. وقوله: «بخطبة المعتدة» يعني التي في عدة الغير، مثل معتدة من وفاة، أو من طلاق رجعي، أو من طلاق بائن، فالتصريح للمعتدة لا يجوز أبداً. وقوله: «من وفاة» يعني امرأة زوجها مات عنها، فتكون في عدة، ولا يجوز لأحد أن يصرح بخطبتها في العدة، والدليل قوله تعالى: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٥]، فقوله: ﴿ئ ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ﴾ مفهومه عليكم جناح إذا صرَّحتم. وقوله: «والمبانة»، أي: التي فارقها زوجها في الحياة فراقاً بائناً لا يستطيع الرجوع إليها، وهي إما أن تكون مطلقة آخر ثلاث تطليقات؛ أو مطلقة على عوض، أو مفسوخة فسخاً لا طلاقاً، مثلاً: وجدت في زوجها عيباً ففسخت النكاح، أو وجد هو بها عيباً ففسخ النكاح. هذه المبانة التي بانت من زوجها فلا رجعة له عليها، فلا يجوز أن يخطبها صريحاً. دُونَ التَّعْرِيضِ، ............. قوله: «دون التعريض» يعني يحرم التصريح دون التعريض فيباح، والدليل قوله تعالى: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٥]، فمنطوق الآية نفي الجناح بالتعريض، ومفهومها ثبوت الجناح في التصريح. والتعريض مثل أن يبدي لها الرغبة بالخطبة، وهو جائز