Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

invalidate his contract of emancipation? The answer is no, because the cause of emancipation has already come into effect. The purchaser has no right to invalidate the contract; rather, the slave remains under his contract of emancipation, and the purchaser takes the place of the original master who made the contract. The slave thus remains with the purchaser as a slave under a contract of emancipation.

However, if the slave wishes to remain a slave with the purchaser—for example, because the purchaser is a good man from whom the slave may benefit—and thus wishes to remain his slave, what should he do? The scholars said: He may simply refrain from paying the instalments due from him; that is, he does not pay the amount agreed upon with his first master. If he defaults, he returns to being a slave, as the author says:

“If he pays him, he becomes free,” even against the will of the second master. This is because the second master has no right to rescind the contract of emancipation, just as the first master has no such right, since this contract is revocable from the slave’s side but binding upon the master.

His statement, “And his cliental affiliation belongs to him,” means the purchaser. If the first master stipulates that the cliental affiliation should belong to him rather than to the second purchaser, is this valid?

The answer is that it is not valid, even if the second purchaser agrees. The evidence is that Barirah came to seek Aishah’s help, may Allah be pleased with her, regarding her contract of emancipation. Aishah said: “If your people wish that I pay them the amount upon which you agreed—nine uqiyyahs—I will do so, and your cliental affiliation will belong to me.” Barirah then went to her people and told them, but they said: “No, unless the cliental affiliation belongs to us.” She then came and informed Aishah, while the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was with her. He said to her: “Take her, and stipulate for them the cliental affiliation, for cliental affiliation belongs only to the one who emancipates.” (1) That is, even if they stipulate that the cliental affiliation belongs to them, it

(1) Its source has been cited previously on p. 326.
يبطل كتابته؟ الجواب: لا؛ لأن سبب العتق قد انعقد، فلا يملك مشتريه إبطال الكتابة، لكن العبد يبقى على كتابته فيقوم مشتريه مقام مكاتبه الأول، ويبقى العبد عند المشتري بصفة مكاتب، لكن لو أن العبد رغب أن يبقى عبداً عند المشتري، يعني أن المشتري رجل طيب ينتفع به العبد، فرغب أن يكون عند المشتري عبداً، ماذا يعمل؟ قال العلماء: يمكن ألا يؤدي النجوم التي عليه، أي: لا يؤدي القيمة التي اتفق عليها مع سيده الأول، وإذا عجز عاد قِنًّا كما قال المؤلف: «فإن أدى له عتق» جبراً على الثاني؛ لأن الثاني لا يملك فسخ الكتابة، كما أن الأول كذلك لا يملك فسخها؛ لأن الكتابة عقد جائز من جهة العبد لازم من جهة السيد. قوله: «وولاؤه له» أي للمشتري، فإن اشترط السيد الأول أن يكون الولاء له، لا للمشتري الثاني، فهل يصح؟ الجواب: لا يصح، ولو رضي الثاني، والدليل أن بريرة جاءت تستعين عائشة ﵄ في كتابتها، فقالت: إن أحب أهلك أن أعد لهم ما اتفقتم عليه تسع أواق فعلت، ويكون ولاؤك لي، فذهبت بريرة إلى أهلها وقالت لهم، قالوا: لا، إلا أن يكون الولاء لنا، فجاءت فأخبرت عائشة، والنبي ﵊ عندها فقال لها: «خذيها واشترطي لهم الولاء، فإنما الولاء لمن أعتق» (١)، يعني وإن اشترطوا أن الولاء لهم فإنه
(١) سبق تخريجه ص (٣٢٦).

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Why Translate?

Support

  • Contact us
  • Report a bug
  • Support us
  • Donate
  • AI combat arena

Follow us

© 2026 Kutub. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditionsPrivacy policyCookies