Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/314)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

the act was something she necessarily had to do, either legally or physically, then she is divorced and inherits, because she has no choice but to do it. Thus, if he says, “If you pray the noon prayer, you are divorced,” and the time for the noon prayer arrives, so she must pray and does pray, she is divorced and inherits. We say: this is an act she is legally required to do, and in reality it is beyond her choice. Or if he says to her, “If you eat lunch, dinner, or breakfast, you are divorced,” then if she eats, she is divorced and inherits, because she cannot do without that. But if he says, “If you eat rice, you are divorced,” and when he falls ill she eats rice, she is divorced but does not inherit, because she has an alternative: she could eat wheat bread, dates, or something similar instead of rice.

His statement, “and she inherits from him during the waiting period and thereafter,” means the woman irrevocably divorced during her husband’s feared fatal illness when he is suspected of intending to deprive her. She therefore inherits from him, despite the irrevocable divorce, both during the waiting period and after it, because he is under suspicion. Whoever attempts to invalidate a Muslim’s right is treated contrary to his intent. He does not inherit from her, and she inherits from him even after the waiting period, since the waiting period has no bearing here: it is the waiting period following an irrevocable divorce and has no effect.

His statement, “unless she remarries,” means that if she remarries, she cannot inherit from two husbands. For if we were to say that she inherits after remarrying, this would mean that she inherits from both the first husband and the second husband, and there is nothing comparable to this in the Sacred Law. Moreover, by remarrying, she has definitively severed her relationship with the first husband.

His statement, “or apostasizes,” means likewise that if she apostasizes—may Allah protect us—she does not inherit, because she has voluntarily brought about one of the impediments to inheritance.

كان هذا الفعل لا بد لها منه شرعاً أو حساً فإنها تطلق وترث؛ لأنها لا بد أن تفعل، فلو قال: إن صَلَّيْتِ الظهرَ فأنت طالق وجاء وقت الظهر وجب أن تصلي فصلت، تطلق وترث، ونقول: هذا الفعل لا بد لها منه شرعاً وهو بغير اختيارها في الواقع، أو قال لها: إن أَكَلْتِ غداء أو عشاء أو فطوراً فأنت طالق، فلو أكلت تطلق وترث؛ لأنه لا بد لها من ذلك، لكن لو قال: إن أكلت الأرز فأنت طالق، فلما مرض أكلت الأرز، هذه تطلق ولا ترث؛ لأن لها بداً منه، إذ يمكن أن تأكل بدل الأرز خبز بر أو تمراً أو ما أشبه ذلك. قوله: «وترثه في العدة وبعدها» أي: المطلقة في مرض موته المخوف متهماً بقصد حرمانها، فترثه البائن في العدة وبعد العدة؛ لأنه متهم، وكل من حاول إبطال حق مسلم فإنه يعامل بنقيض قصده، وهو لا يرثها، وبعد العدة ـ أيضاً ـ لأنه لا أثر للعدة هنا؛ إذ إن العدة عدة بائن لا تؤثر. قوله: «ما لم تتزوج» لأنها إذا تزوجت لا يمكن أن ترث زوجين، إذ لو قلنا: بأنها ترث بعد الزواج، لكان معناه أنها ترث من الزوج الأول ومن الزوج الثاني، وهذا لا نظير له في الشرع، ثم إنها إذا تزوجت فإنها بتزوجها قطعت العلاقة بينها وبين الزوج الأول نهائياً. قوله: «أو ترتد» كذلك إن ارتدت ـ والعياذ بالله ـ فإنها لا ترث؛ لأنها أتت بمانع من موانع الإرث باختيارها.