Al-Sharḥ al-Mumtiʿ - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (11/310)

Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

Chapter: The Inheritance of a Divorced Woman

If a man irrevocably divorces his wife while in good health, or during a non-fatal illness and then dies from it, or during a fatal illness but does not die from it, the two do not inherit from one another—except in the case of a revocable divorce whose waiting period has not ended, ………

It has previously been mentioned that one of the causes of inheritance is marriage. Thus, if a man has a wife and divorces her, the matter has several possible cases, which the author will discuss.

His statement, “If a man irrevocably divorces his wife while in good health, or during a non-fatal illness and then dies from it, or during a fatal illness but does not die from it, the two do not inherit from one another”: if he irrevocably divorces his wife—that is, he gives her an irrevocable divorce, such as a threefold divorce, annulment due to a defect, and similar cases—while he is in good health, there is no mutual inheritance between them, even if she is still in her waiting period, because she has become separated from him. Thus, if he dies, she does not inherit from him; and if she dies, he does not inherit from her.

His statement, “or during a non-fatal illness”: illnesses are of two types: a fatal illness, which is one from which, if a person dies, people do not find it unusual, because it is customary for people to die from it; and a non-fatal illness, which here means one from which recovery is expected. Whatever is ordinarily a cause of death is deemed fatal, and whatever is not, is not. Examples of a non-fatal illness include a person suffering pain in a tooth or an eye, having a wound, or having a cold. These are non-fatal illnesses. Therefore, if he irrevocably divorces her during such an illness, and then his condition worsens and he dies, she does not inherit from him, because he separated from her at a time when he cannot be suspected of intending to deprive her of inheritance.

His statement, “or during a fatal illness,” means: during a fatal illness from which he dies, and whose death people would not find unusual, such as a severe fever or pleurisy, and in

بَابُ مِيرَاثِ المُطَلَّقَةِ مَنْ أَبَانَ زَوْجَتَهُ فِي صِحَّتِهِ أَوْ مَرَضِهِ غَيْرِ المَخُوفِ وَمَاتَ بِهِ، أَوْ المَخُوفِ وَلَمْ يَمُتْ بِهِ لَمْ يَتَوَارَثَا بَلْ فِي طَلَاقٍ رَجْعِيٍّ لَمْ تَنْقَضِ عِدَّتُهُ، ......... سبق أن من أسباب الإرث: النكاح، فإذا كان له زوجة وطلقها، فهذا لا يخلو من أحوال يذكرها المؤلف. قوله: «من أبان زوجته في صحته أو مرضه غير المخوف ومات به، أو المخوف ولم يمت به لم يتوراثا» إذا أبان زوجته، أي: طلقها طلاقاً بائناً كالطلاق الثلاث، والفسخ بعيب وما أشبه ذلك، في صحته فإنه لا توارث ولو كان في العدة؛ لأنها بانت منه، فلو مات لم ترثه وإن ماتت لم يرثها. وقوله: «أو مرضه غير المخوف» المرض نوعان: مرض مخوف، وهو الذي إذا مات منه الإنسان لم يقل الناس شيئاً؛ لأنه صار عادة أن يموت به الناس، وغير المخوف هنا الذي يرجى برؤه، فما كان سبباً للموت عادة فهو مخوف وما لا فلا، مثال المرض غير المخوف: إنسان يؤلمه سِنُّهُ، أو عينه، أو جرح فيه، أو زكام، هذه أمراض غير مخوفة، فإذا طلقها في هذا المرض طلاقاً بائناً، ثم اشتد به المرض ومات، فإنها لا ترث؛ لأنها بانت منه في حال لا يتهم فيها بمنع الإرث. وقوله: «أو المخوف» أي: مرضه المخوف الذي مات به ولم يستنكره الناس، مثل الحمى الشديدة، أو ذات الجنب، وفي