Even if the paternal half-brother were to protest, “How can you give the maternal half-brother a share while giving me nothing?!” we would say: “Because he is a fixed-share heir, whereas you are a residuary heir, and the full brother excludes you.”

“If their maternal grandfather is present with them, he excludes them. In the case of three daughters of paternal uncles of differing types, the entire estate goes to the one whose father is related through both parents. If a group traces its connection through a group, divide the estate among the intermediaries; whatever falls to each one is taken by the person tracing descent through him. If some of them are excluded by others, apply that ruling. The lines of relationship are paternal, maternal, and filial.”

His statement, “If their maternal grandfather is present with them, he excludes them”: this is because the father excludes the brothers. Thus, if someone dies leaving a maternal uncle who is his mother’s full brother, a maternal uncle related through the mother, a maternal uncle related through the father, and a maternal grandfather, regard the case as though the mother had died leaving her full brother, her paternal half-brother, her maternal half-brother, and her father. Who inherits from her? Her father. If her maternal grandfather were present with them instead, then according to the stronger view, he excludes the brothers; according to the second view, he inherits alongside them according to the previous details.

His statement, “In the case of three daughters of paternal uncles of differing types”: “of differing types” describes the paternal uncles; that is, three paternal uncles related in different ways.

His statement, “the entire estate goes to the one whose father is related through both parents”: if someone dies leaving the daughter of a full paternal uncle, the daughter of a paternal half-uncle, and the daughter of a maternal half-uncle, regard the case as though the deceased had died leaving three paternal uncles: a full paternal uncle, a paternal half-uncle, and a maternal half-uncle. Who inherits? The full paternal uncle. The maternal half-uncle is not an heir, because he is among the distant kindred; and the paternal half-uncle is excluded by the full paternal uncle.

His statement, “If a group traces its connection through a group, divide the estate among the intermediaries; whatever falls to each one is taken by the person tracing descent through him. If some of them are excluded by others, apply that ruling”: when a group traces its connection through a group, first divide the estate among the intermediaries. Then whatever falls to each one is taken by the person tracing descent through him, according to the rules of inheritance; and if