Al-Sharḥ al-MumtiʿIbn al-'Uthaymin

with one-third for the mother and the remainder for the father. Divide the mother’s share among her heirs: a full sister, a paternal half-sister, and a maternal half-sister. The estate is calculated on a basis of six shares: the full sister receives one-half, or three shares; the paternal half-sister receives one-sixth, completing the two-thirds, or one share; and the maternal half-sister receives one-sixth, or one share. By return, it is reduced to five.

The father’s share, two-thirds, is divided among his heirs: a full sister, a paternal half-sister, and a maternal half-sister. The estate is calculated on a basis of six shares: the full sister receives one-half, or three shares; the paternal half-sister receives one-sixth, completing the two-thirds, or one share; and the maternal half-sister receives one-sixth, or one share. By return, it is reduced to five. Hence the author said:

“One-third goes to the maternal aunts in fifths, and two-thirds to the paternal aunts in fifths; the estate is correctly calculated on a basis of fifteen. In the case of three maternal uncles of differing types, the one related through the mother receives one-sixth, and the remainder goes to the one related through both parents, …”

His statement, “One-third goes to the maternal aunts in fifths, and two-thirds to the paternal aunts in fifths; the estate is correctly calculated on a basis of fifteen”: the rule is that when a group traces its connection through another group, divide the estate among those through whom they trace their connection, as though the deceased had died leaving them; then divide the share among those who trace their connection through them, as though those through whom they trace their connection had died leaving them. Thus, the estate is correctly calculated. This is because the inheritance of distant kindred is by representation, not by direct kinship.

His statement, “In the case of three maternal uncles of differing types”: one is the mother’s brother through her mother, the second is her brother through her father, and the third is her full brother.

His statement, “the one related through the mother receives one-sixth”: the maternal uncle related through the mother receives one-sixth.

His statement, “and the remainder goes to the one related through both parents”: for if the mother had died leaving them, the case would be as follows: a full brother, a paternal half-brother, and a maternal half-brother. The maternal half-brother receives one-sixth, the full brother receives the remainder, and the paternal half-brother receives nothing,

للأم الثلث وللأب الباقي، اقسم نصيب الأم على ورثتها وهن أخت شقيقة وأخت لأب وأخت لأم، المسألة من ستة للشقيقة النصف ثلاثة، وللتي للأب السدس تكملة الثلثين واحد، للأخت الأم السدس واحد، وترد إلى خمسة. نصيب الأب الثلثان نقسمه بين ورثته أخت شقيقة وأخت لأب وأخت لأم، المسألة من ست للشقيقة النصف ثلاثة، وللتي للأب السدس تكملة الثلثين واحد، وللأخت لأم السدس واحد، فترد إلى خمسة، ولهذا قال المؤلف: فَالثُّلُثُ لِلخَالاتِ أَخْمَاساً، وَالثُّلُثَانِ لِلعَمَّاتِ أَخْمَاساً، وَتَصِحُّ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ، وَفِي ثَلاثَةِ أَخْوَالٍ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ لِذِي الأُمِّ السُّدُسُ، وَالبَاقِي لِذِي الأَبَوَيْنِ، ........ «فالثلث للخالات أخماساً والثلثان للعمات أخماساً وتصح من خمسة عشر»، فالقاعدة إذا أدلى جماعة بجماعة، اقسم المال بين المدلى بهم كأن الميت مات عنهم، ثم اقسم المال بين المدلين كأن المدلى بهم ماتوا عنهم، وتصح المسألة؛ وذلك لأن إرث ذوي الأرحام بالتنزيل وليس بالقرابة. قوله: «وفي ثلاثة أخوال متفرقين»، أحدهم أخ للأم من الأم والثاني أخ للأم من الأب، والثالث أخ للأم شقيق. قوله: «لذي الأم السدس»، الخال من أم له السدس. قوله: «والباقي لذي الأبوين»، لأنه لو ماتت الأم عنهم لكانت المسألة كما يلي، أخ شقيق وأخ لأب وأخ لأم، فللأخ لأم السدس، وللأخ الشقيق الباقي، والأخ لأب ليس له شيء،

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